Learn Turkish: Binada kaç kat var? - How many floors are in the building?

In Turkish, the noun that comes after a number or a question word like kaç (how many) must always be singular. You never use a plural suffix (-lar or -ler) after kaç. That is why it is kaç kat and never kaç katlar.

I learned that 'are there?' is var mı. Why is it just var at the end of this sentence?

You only use the question particle mı (or mi) for yes/no questions. Because this sentence already contains the question word kaç (how many), adding mı is incorrect. The word kaç already does the job of turning the statement into a question!

How does binada mean 'in the building'?

The root word for 'building' is bina. The -da attached to the end is the locative case suffix, which tells us where something is ('in', 'on', or 'at'). So, bina plus -da gives you 'in the building'.

Why is the location (binada) at the beginning of the sentence?