Learn Turkish: Bilgisayar şurada, ofiste. - The computer is there, in the office.

They both use the locative suffix meaning "in", "on", or "at", which is how you answer a nerede (where) question. The suffix changes to match the word it attaches to. Şura ends in a vowel, so it takes -da. Ofis ends in a hard consonant (s), which forces the d to change to a t (a rule often taught using the memory trick "Fıstıkçı Şahap"), making it -te.

How exactly does şurada translate to "there"?

It is made of the pointer word şu (that) combined with the location suffix -da (at/in). Just like nerede literally means "at what place", şurada literally means "at that place" or "right there".

If şurada means "there", could I also use orada in this sentence?

Yes, but they have a slightly different feel. Orada generally means "over there" (further away or not in your immediate space). Şurada is usually used when you are actively pointing at something you can see relatively close by, translating best to "right there".

Where is the word for "is" in this sentence?