Learn Turkish: Şehirde büyük bir hastane var. - There is a big hospital in the city.

The locative suffix means in, on, or at. It changes to match the word it attaches to. Because the last vowel in şehir is i, vowel harmony rules require an e, making it -de. Also, because şehir ends in the soft consonant r (not a hard consonant like p, ç, t, k), we use a d instead of a t.

Why is the word order büyük bir hastane? Shouldn't bir come first like in English?

In Turkish, when you have an adjective (like büyük) and the indefinite article bir (a/an), the adjective almost always comes first. So instead of saying a big hospital, the Turkish structure is big a hospital (büyük bir hastane).

What exactly does var mean at the end of the sentence?

The word var means there is or exists. Turkish puts verbs and words indicating existence at the very end of the sentence. So literally, this sentence reads: In the city, big a hospital exists.

Why is the word order büyük bir hastane? Shouldn't bir come first like in English?