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Questions & Answers about Şu defterler yeni.
Why is it defterler and not defterlar?
The plural suffix changes based on 2-way vowel harmony. You look at the last vowel in the base word. The last vowel in defter is e, which is a front vowel. Front vowels (e, i, ö, ü) take -ler, while back vowels (a, ı, o, u) take -lar.
Why isn't Şu pluralized to match the English translation "Those"?
In Turkish, when a pointing word like bu, şu, or o comes directly before a noun, it acts as an adjective and never takes the plural suffix. Since the noun defterler is already plural, Şu stays in its base form.
Where is the word for "are" in this sentence?
In basic Turkish sentences that just state what something is or describe it, you don't need a separate verb word for "is" or "are". The sentence literally reads "Those notebooks new," which is a perfectly complete and correct sentence in Turkish.
Why doesn't yeni get a plural suffix since the notebooks are plural?
Just like in English, Turkish adjectives do not become plural when they describe a plural subject. The plural marker on defterler is enough, so yeni (new) stays exactly as it is.