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To turn a simple statement into a yes/no question in Turkish, use the question particle.

### The Question Particle
The question particle is written as a separate word at the end of the sentence, but it uses **four-way vowel harmony**: it must harmonize with the last vowel of the word right before it. Look at the last vowel of the preceding word to choose the right form:
- **a** or **ı** → **mı**
- **e** or **i** → **mi**
- **o** or **u** → **mu**
- **ö** or **ü** → **mü**

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### Adding Personal Suffixes
When asking questions like "Are you...?" or "Are we...?", the personal "to be" suffix attaches directly to the question particle, never to the adjective or noun.

The personal suffix changes its vowel to match the question particle. If a personal suffix starting with a vowel attaches to the particle (like the "we" suffix), insert the buffer letter **y** to keep the two vowels from bumping into each other.

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### Plural Subjects
When asking a question about a plural subject, the plural suffix (**-lar** or **-ler**) attaches to the noun. The question particle at the end of the sentence harmonizes with the adjective right before it.

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Just like in statements, when the subject is **onlar** (they), adding the plural suffix to the adjective is optional.

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Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
easy	kolay
question particle (mı/mi/mu/mü)	mi
Is this easy?	Bu kolay mı?
difficult	zor
Is the book difficult?	Kitap zor mu?
rich	zengin
Is the young student rich?	Genç öğrenci zengin mi?
strong	güçlü
Is the old doctor strong?	Yaşlı doktor güçlü mü?
water	su
hot	sıcak
Is the water very hot?	Su çok sıcak mı?
cold	soğuk
Is the water cold now?	Su şimdi soğuk mu?
long / tall	uzun
Are you tall?	Sen uzun musun?
Are you ready?	Sen hazır mısın?
Are we strong?	Biz güçlü müyüz?
Are they rich?	Onlar zengin mi?
Are the cars expensive?	Arabalar pahalı mı?
Are the children tired?	Çocuklar yorgun mu?
Are the young girls happy?	Genç kızlar mutlu mu?
Is the new car very expensive?	Yeni araba çok pahalı mı?
Is the big house hot?	Büyük ev sıcak mı?
Is the new house cold?	Yeni ev soğuk mu?
short	kısa
Is this short book easy?	Bu kısa kitap kolay mı?
Is that long book difficult?	O uzun kitap zor mu?
Is the pen short?	Kalem kısa mı?
Is this a cat?	Bu bir kedi mi?
Is he a doctor?	O doktor mu?
Is the house big?	Ev büyük mü?
Is the cat small?	Kedi küçük mü?