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### Verbs and the Ablative Case

Just as some verbs in Turkish direct action *toward* a target using the dative case, another group of verbs describes actions that pull *away from* or originate *from* a source. These verbs require their objects to take the **ablative case** (*-den / -dan* or *-ten / -tan*).

### Hating

While "to hate" takes a direct object in English, Turkish treats strong negative emotions as pushing you away from their source. The thing you hate takes the ablative case.

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### Talking and Complaining

When you talk or complain "about" something in English, Turkish treats the topic as the *source* of your words. Verbs like *bahsetmek* (to talk about / to mention) and *şikayet etmek* (to complain) always govern the ablative case.

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### Giving Up and Getting Rid Of

The ablative case naturally expresses separation. If you are abandoning a habit or ditching an object, you use the ablative case to show your movement away from those things.

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### Suspecting

When you suspect someone or something, Turkish treats them as the origin of your suspicion. The verb *şüphelenmek* (to suspect) takes the ablative case.

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### Avoiding and Fearing

Finally, if you are actively keeping your distance from a threat or feeling fear, you are physically or emotionally withdrawing from a source. Verbs like *kaçınmak* (to avoid) and *korkmak* (to fear) therefore require the ablative case.

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Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
spider	örümcek
to hate	nefret etmek
The man hated the big spider.	Adam büyük örümcekten nefret etti.
The children did not hate spiders.	Çocuklar örümceklerden nefret etmedi.
to talk about	bahsetmek
The manager talked about the new project.	Müdür yeni projeden bahsetti.
Why didn't they talk about this problem?	Onlar neden bu problemden bahsetmedi?
to complain	şikâyet etmek
The customer complained about the cold soup.	Müşteri soğuk çorbadan şikâyet etti.
Did the women complain about the old hotel?	Kadınlar eski otelden şikâyet etti mi?
habit	alışkanlık
to give up	vazgeçmek
The man gave up the old habit.	Adam eski alışkanlıktan vazgeçti.
I gave up this bad habit.	Bu kötü alışkanlıktan vazgeçtim.
to get rid of / to escape / get away	kurtulmak
He got rid of that old car.	O eski arabadan kurtuldu.
We got rid of those dirty things.	O kirli eşyalardan kurtulduk.
to suspect	şüphelenmek
The police suspected the driver.	Polis şoförden şüphelendi.
Did the boss suspect the new secretary?	Patron yeni sekreterden şüphelendi mi?
danger	tehlike
to avoid	kaçınmak
The children avoided this big danger.	Çocuklar bu büyük tehlikeden kaçındı.
He did not avoid any danger.	Hiçbir tehlikeden kaçınmadı.
The little girl did not fear the dog.	Küçük kız köpekten korkmadı.