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### The Limit Converb: -(y)asıya / -(y)esiye

When you want to express that an action is done to its absolute limit, Turkish uses the converb suffix **-(y)asıya** (for back vowels) or **-(y)esiye** (for front vowels). It attaches directly to the verb stem and translates to "until [verb]ing" or "to the point of [verb]ing."

If the verb stem ends in a vowel, a buffer **-y-** is added.

While you can use this suffix with many verbs, it is most commonly found in a set of fixed, highly expressive adverbs.

| Verb | Meaning | Converb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| doymak | to get full | doyasıya | to one's heart's content |
| kıymak | to sacrifice / harm | kıyasıya | fiercely / ruthlessly |
| ölmek | to die | ölesiye | to death / desperately |
| öldürmek | to kill | öldüresiye | half to death / to the point of killing |

### To Your Heart's Content

One of the most pleasant uses of this structure comes from the verb **doymak** (to become full or satisfied). As a converb, **doyasıya** means doing something until you are completely satisfied, whether that is eating at a buffet or hugging an old friend.

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### Fierce Competition

To describe an intense, ruthless struggle where neither side holds back, Turkish uses **kıyasıya**. This comes from the verb **kıymak** (to harm or sacrifice).

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### Physical and Emotional Extremes

For actions taken to violent or dramatic extremes, verbs related to injury, death, and madness are used. These describe situations pushed to their literal or metaphorical limits.

For example, **öldürmek** (to kill) becomes **öldüresiye** (half to death), and **kanatmak** (to cause to bleed) becomes **kanatasıya** (until it bleeds).

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When used with emotions, these converbs describe feelings that are intensely passionate or overwhelming, such as loving "to death" (**ölesiye**) or being "madly" jealous (**çıldırasıya**).

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To the limit (-asıya)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
We ate the delicious desserts to our heart's content.	Lezzetli tatlıları doyasıya yedik.
You had better eat to your heart's content at the all-you-can-eat buffet.	Açık büfede doyasıya yesen iyi olur.
to harm / to sacrifice	kıymak
to struggle / to fight (abstract, for a cause)	mücadele etmek
The opposing teams struggled fiercely.	Rakip takımlar kıyasıya mücadele ettiler.
They competed fiercely in the tournament.	Turnuvada kıyasıya yarıştılar.
to clash / to scramble for	kapışmak
They clashed fiercely with each other in the match.	Maçta birbirleriyle kıyasıya kapıştılar.
to kill	öldürmek
The enemy soldiers beat each other half to death.	Düşman askerleri birbirlerini öldüresiye dövdüler.
to batter / to rough up	hırpalamak
They battered the man half to death, but he didn't speak at all.	Adamı öldüresiye hırpaladılar ama o hiç konuşmadı.
He is madly jealous of his spouse.	Eşini çıldırasıya kıskanıyor.
ruthlessly	acımasızca
The workers beat their boss ruthlessly and half to death.	İşçiler patronlarını acımasızca ve öldüresiye dövdüler.
You had better give up speaking ruthlessly.	Acımasızca konuşmaktan vazgeçsen iyi olur.
to cause to bleed	kanatmak
She cut her nails until they bled.	Tırnaklarını kanatasıya kesti.
He bit his lips until they bled.	Dudaklarını kanatasıya ısırdı.
to embrace	kucaklamak
Years later, they embraced each other to their heart's content.	Yıllar sonra birbirlerini doyasıya kucakladılar.
As soon as they won the match, they embraced each other to their heart's content.	Maçı kazanır kazanmaz birbirlerini doyasıya kucakladılar.
passionately	tutkuyla
I love that woman to death and passionately.	O kadını ölesiye ve tutkuyla seviyorum.
The two teams clashed passionately, but nobody was defeated.	İki takım tutkuyla kapıştı ama kimse yenilmedi.
unlimited	sınırsız
They struggled fiercely for unlimited power.	Onlar sınırsız güç için kıyasıya mücadele ettiler.
The unlimited competition battered the opponent to the death.	Sınırsız rekabet rakibi öldüresiye hırpaladı.