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### The Definite Direct Object

In English, we use words like "the", "this", or "that" to show we are talking about a specific object. In Turkish, you mark a specific, definite direct object by adding the **accusative case suffix** to the noun.

### Vowel Harmony and the Buffer 'y'

The accusative suffix follows four-way vowel harmony. Depending on the last vowel of the noun, you add **-ı**, **-i**, **-u**, or **-ü**.

If the noun ends in a vowel, you must insert the buffer letter **y** first (**-yı**, **-yi**, **-yu**, **-yü**).

- **roman** (novel) → **romanı** (the novel)
- **adres** (address) → **adresi** (the address)
- **dergi** (magazine) → **dergiyi** (the magazine)
- **masa** (table) → **masayı** (the table)

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### Definite vs. Indefinite

You only use this suffix for *definite* objects. If you are talking about an indefinite object (using **bir** for "a" or "an"), the noun does not take a suffix and remains in its plain dictionary form.

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### Common Verbs with Direct Objects

Many everyday verbs require a direct object, such as knowing, learning, forgetting, or losing something. When the thing you affect is specific ("this word", "the key"), you must use the accusative suffix.

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The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
magazine	dergi
Please read the magazine.	Lütfen dergiyi okuyun.
The woman is buying a magazine.	Kadın bir dergi alıyor.
Where are you reading the magazine?	Dergiyi nerede okuyorsun?
novel	roman
I am reading the novel.	Romanı okuyorum.
He is writing a new novel.	Yeni bir roman yazıyor.
glass (material) / window	cam
to wipe / to clean (by wiping)	silmek
The man is wiping the window.	Adam camı siliyor.
We are wiping the table and the window.	Masayı ve camı siliyoruz.
gift	hediye
to choose	seçmek
I am choosing the gift.	Hediyeyi seçiyorum.
The child is choosing a beautiful gift.	Çocuk güzel bir hediye seçiyor.
address	adres
The driver is asking for the address.	Şoför adresi soruyor.
We are looking for the address.	Adresi arıyoruz.
word	kelime
The student is learning the word.	Öğrenci kelimeyi öğreniyor.
I do not know this word.	Bu kelimeyi bilmiyorum.
He is using the key.	Anahtarı kullanıyor.
The customer is giving the money.	Müşteri parayı veriyor.
to forget	unutmak
to lose	kaybetmek
The old man is forgetting the address and losing the money.	Yaşlı adam adresi unutuyor ve parayı kaybediyor.
I am losing the key and forgetting the password.	Ben anahtarı kaybediyorum ve şifreyi unutuyorum.