Quantity and everyday abstract nouns

How much

az is little, not much — the opposite of çok. fazla is too much or extra: more than is wanted, not simply a large amount.

Az yedim — I ate little. Fazla yedim — I ate too much.

Nouns you will need constantly

Note that önem is the noun behind the adjective önemli (important) you already know, and güç doubles as an adjective meaning difficult in formal writing — though zor is the everyday word.