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Welcome to the library! Today, we will learn how to talk about rules and consequences based on what people are doing *right now*.

### The Present Continuous Conditional: -(I)yorsa

To express a condition based on an action currently underway ("if [subject] is doing..."), combine the present continuous suffix **-(I)yor** with the conditional suffix **-sa**. 

Because **-yor** always ends in the consonant *r*, the conditional suffix directly attaches to it and is always spelled **-sa**. For the third-person singular ("if he/she/it is doing"), the ending is simply **-(I)yorsa**.

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### Negative and Plural Forms

To make this condition negative ("if [subject] is not doing"), use the negative continuous form before adding the conditional: **-m(I)yorsa**.

When talking about a plural subject ("if they are doing"), the plural suffix **-lar** is inserted between the present continuous tense and the conditional: **-(I)yorlarsa**.

| Form | Structure | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Affirmative (O) | Verb + **-(I)yorsa** | **okuyorsa** | if he/she is reading |
| Negative (O) | Verb + **-m(I)yorsa** | **okumuyorsa** | if he/she is not reading |
| Plural (Onlar) | Verb + **-(I)yorlarsa** | **okuyorlarsa** | if they are reading |

Here are some examples of library rules applied to groups, as well as what happens when someone isn't following the expectations:

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Present continuous conditional (-iyorsa)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
headphones	kulaklık
If he is listening to music in the library, he is wearing headphones.	Kütüphanede müzik dinliyorsa kulaklık takıyor.
to whisper	fısıldamak
to disturb	rahatsız etmek
If the man is whispering, he is disturbing the student.	Adam fısıldıyorsa öğrenciyi rahatsız ediyor.
attendant	görevli
to warn	uyarmak
If the child is shouting, whom is the attendant warning?	Çocuk bağırıyorsa görevli kimi uyarıyor?
to concentrate	konsantre olmak
quietly	sessizce
If the woman is concentrating, she is reading her book quietly.	Kadın konsantre oluyorsa kitabını sessizce okuyor.
gum	sakız
to chew	çiğnemek
If someone is chewing gum in the library, the attendant is getting angry.	Biri kütüphanede sakız çiğniyorsa görevli kızıyor.
If the student is not wearing headphones, the teacher is warning him.	Öğrenci kulaklık takmıyorsa öğretmen onu uyarıyor.
If they are whispering for the project, they are not bothering anyone.	Proje için fısıldıyorlarsa kimseyi rahatsız etmiyorlar.
If the students are studying together, they are talking quietly.	Öğrenciler beraber çalışıyorlarsa sessizce konuşuyorlar.
If the child is crying, the mother is taking him outside.	Çocuk ağlıyorsa anne onu dışarı çıkarıyor.
If the young man is reading a book, he is using his headphones.	Genç adam kitap okuyorsa kulaklığını kullanıyor.
to comply	uymak
If the student is chewing gum in the library, he is not following the rules.	Öğrenci kütüphanede sakız çiğniyorsa kurallara uymuyor.
If a student is concentrating, it is necessary to follow the silence rules in the library.	Bir öğrenci konsantre oluyorsa kütüphanede sessizlik kurallarına uymak lazım.