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When adopting a timid rescue animal, patience is key. You'll often need to talk about ongoing behaviors, actions that haven't happened yet, and changing states. Turkish uses three common phase adverbs to express these timelines: **hâlâ**, **henüz**, and **artık**.

### Hâlâ (Still)

Use **hâlâ** to describe a situation, action, or state that is continuing without change. It corresponds exactly to "still" in English and can be used directly with verbs, adjectives, or nouns.

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### Henüz (Not yet)

When an action hasn't happened up to the present moment but is expected to, use **henüz**. It is almost always paired with a negative verb, translating to "not yet."

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### Artık (Anymore / From now on)

**Artık** marks a boundary where a situation has changed. Its English translation changes based on whether the verb is positive or negative:

- With a **positive** verb, it means "from now on" or "now" (implying the state is new).
- With a **negative** verb, it means "not anymore" or "no longer."

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### Putting It All Together

You can easily contrast different states of progress by using these adverbs together in a sentence. Notice how **henüz** pairs with a negative verb to show what hasn't happened, while **hâlâ** shows the ongoing result:

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Phase and state change adverbs (hâlâ, artık, henüz)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
timid	ürkek
to adopt	sahiplenmek
restless	huzursuz
We adopted this timid cat, but it is still restless.	Bu ürkek kediyi sahiplendik ama hâlâ huzursuz.
to growl	hırlamak
to scratch	tırmalamak
It still growls and scratches.	Hâlâ hırlayıp tırmalıyor.
to accustom	alıştırmak
He was going to accustom the dog to the house, but the animal is still timid.	Köpeği eve alıştıracaktı ama hayvan hâlâ ürkek.
Does this timid cat still growl?	Bu ürkek kedi hâlâ hırlıyor mu?
We haven't accustomed the cat to the house yet.	Kediyi henüz eve alıştırmadık.
The dog is timid, but it hasn't growled yet.	Köpek ürkek ama henüz hırlamadı.
The restless dog hasn't scratched me yet.	Huzursuz köpek beni henüz tırmalamadı.
affection	şefkat
It hasn't approached us with affection yet.	Bize henüz şefkatle yaklaşmadı.
Is the cat calm now?	Kedi artık sakin mi?
calmly	sakince
Now, we approach the dog calmly and show affection.	Artık köpeğe sakince yaklaşıp şefkat gösteriyoruz.
I am not going to adopt a restless dog anymore.	Artık huzursuz bir köpek sahiplenmeyeceğim.
It doesn't growl and scratch anymore.	Artık hırlamıyor ve tırmalamıyor.
to meow	miyavlamak
The restless cat does not meow anymore, it is sleeping calmly.	Huzursuz kedi artık miyavlamıyor, sakince uyuyor.
The cat has not gotten used to it yet, it is still meowing.	Kedi henüz alışmadı, hâlâ miyavlıyor.