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### Negative Obligation: "Must Not" and "Should Not"

To express prohibitions ("must not") or negative advice ("should not"), add the negative suffix **-ma / -me** right before the obligation suffix **-malı / -meli**. 

Combined, they form:
- Back vowels (a, ı, o, u): **-mamalı**
- Front vowels (e, i, ö, ü): **-memeli**

Just like the positive form, the third person ("he", "she", "it", or plural noun subjects) takes no personal endings.

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### Giving Warnings: "You must not"

To warn someone directly, attach the second-person endings **-sın / -sin** (informal singular) or **-sınız / -siniz** (plural or formal).

- Singular: **Verb + -mamalısın / -memelisin**
- Plural/formal: **Verb + -mamalısınız / -memelisiniz**

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### Group Rules: "We must not"

For group rules ("we must not"), use the first-person plural ending. Since the obligation suffix ends in a vowel, insert the buffer consonant **-y-** before attaching **-ız / -iz**.

- We must not: **Verb + -mamalıyız / -memeliyiz**

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Negative obligation (-mamalı, -memeli)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
worker	işçi
mine	maden
The workers must not enter the mine.	İşçiler madene girmemeli.
dangerous	tehlikeli
hard hat	baret
This job is very dangerous, you must not leave your hard hat.	Bu iş çok tehlikeli, baretini bırakmamalısın.
tunnel	tünel
to dig	kazmak
You must not dig a tunnel at night.	Gece tünel kazmamalısınız.
underground	yeraltı
flashlight	fener
The underground is very dark, you must not turn off the flashlight.	Yeraltı çok karanlık, feneri kapatmamalısın.
cave	mağara
to get lost	kaybolmak
The children must not get lost inside the cave.	Çocuklar mağaranın içinde kaybolmamalı.
This cave is dangerous, you must not drop your flashlight.	Bu mağara tehlikeli, fenerini düşürmemelisin.
The workers must not dig the wrong tunnel.	İşçiler yanlış tüneli kazmamalı.
You must not get lost underground, wear the red hard hat!	Yeraltında kaybolmamalısın, kırmızı bareti tak!
You must not leave the mine's door open.	Madenin kapısını açık bırakmamalısınız.
Underground workers must not wear black hard hats.	Yeraltı işçileri siyah baret takmamalı.
This mine is very dangerous, we must not dig deeper.	Bu maden çok tehlikeli, daha derin kazmamalıyız.
There is a big cave under the tunnel, you must not get lost there.	Tünelin altında büyük bir mağara var, orada kaybolmamalısın.