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### The Gradual Progression Pattern

To express that something changes over time, spreads sequentially, or is passed along, Turkish uses a repetitive adverbial pattern. You take a noun, add the ablative case suffix (**-DAn**: from), repeat the exact same noun, and add the dative case suffix (**-(y)A**: to).

- **Noun + DAn + Noun + (y)A**

### Time and Gradual Change

When applied to units of time, this pattern translates to "day by day," "year to year," and so on. It is perfectly suited for describing gradual evolution, strengthening, or deterioration.

- **gün** (day) -> **günden güne** (from day to day)
- **yıl** (year) -> **yıldan yıla** (from year to year)

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### Passing and Transferring

This exact same formula is used to describe physical items, rumors, or traditions being passed from one person or group to another.

- **el** (hand) -> **elden ele** (from hand to hand)
- **kulak** (ear) -> **kulaktan kulağa** (from ear to ear / by word of mouth)
- **nesil** (generation) -> **nesilden nesile** (from generation to generation)

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### Spreading Across Places

You can also apply this correlative pattern to physical locations to describe geographic movement or spreading.

- **şehir** (city) -> **şehirden şehre** (from city to city)

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Gradual progression (-DAn -(y)A)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
myth / legend	söylence
to be transferred / to be passed down	aktarılmak
We wrote books for this myth to be transferred from generation to generation.	Bu söylencenin nesilden nesile aktarılması için kitaplar yazdık.
We hope that the document will circulate from hand to hand.	Belgenin elden ele dolaşacağını umuyoruz.
to become widespread	yaygınlaşmak
We are working for internet usage to become widespread from year to year.	İnternet kullanımının yıldan yıla yaygınlaşması için çalışıyoruz.
The new rules are becoming widespread from day to day.	Yeni kurallar günden güne yaygınlaşmakta.
to degenerate / to become corrupted	yozlaşmak
Society is degenerating from year to year.	Toplum yıldan yıla yozlaşmakta.
to regress / to decline	gerilemek
As traditions degenerate from generation to generation, culture regresses.	Gelenekler nesilden nesile yozlaştıkça kültür geriliyor.
We do not think that the success rate will regress from year to year.	Başarı oranının yıldan yıla gerileyeceğini sanmıyoruz.
to become distinct / to become clearer	belirginleşmek
The solution became distinct from day to day.	Çözüm günden güne belirginleşti.
plague	veba
Plague symptoms will become distinct from day to day.	Veba belirtileri günden güne belirginleşecek.
to evolve	evrilmek
This design is evolving from year to year.	Bu tasarım yıldan yıla evrilmekte.
We knew that the rumors would spread by word of mouth.	Söylentilerin kulaktan kulağa yayılacağını biliyorduk.
to be consolidated / to grow stronger	pekişmek
Our friendship is strengthening from day to day.	Dostluğumuz günden güne pekişiyor.
healing / cure	şifa
As we find healing, our trust is consolidating from day to day.	Şifa buldukça güvenimiz günden güne pekişmekte.
As the plague spread from city to city, finding a cure became difficult.	Veba şehirden şehre yayıldıkça şifa bulmak zorlaştı.
This myth is evolving from year to year and is being passed on from generation to generation.	Bu söylence yıldan yıla evriliyor ve nesilden nesile aktarılıyor.