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### Future Noun Clauses

To say *that* something will happen, Turkish transforms the future tense verb into a noun clause. Instead of using a connecting word like "that," attach suffixes directly to the verb stem:

1. Add the future suffix `-(y)acak` / `-(y)ecek`.
2. Add a possessive suffix to indicate who or what will perform the action. Because possessive suffixes start with a vowel, consonant mutation changes the `k` in the future suffix to `ğ` (`-(y)acağ-` / `-(y)eceğ-`).
3. Add the case marker required by the main verb. These clauses often act as direct objects, so they usually take the accusative case (remember the buffer `n` after a third-person possessive suffix).

*yağ-* (to rain) + *-acak* (future) + *-ı* (its) + *-nı* (accusative) = *yağacağını* (that it will rain)

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Because the action is treated grammatically like a possessed object, the subject of the clause usually takes the genitive suffix. For example, "humidity" (*nem*) becomes *nemin* ("humidity's").

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### Negative Future Clauses

To state that something *will not* happen, insert the negative suffix (`-ma` / `-me`) right after the verb stem. You will always need the buffer letter `y` before the future suffix.

*ol-* (to be) + *-ma* (negative) + *-y-* (buffer) + *-acak* (future) + *-ı* (its) + *-nı* (accusative) = *olmayacağını* (that it will not be)

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### Making Predictions

This noun clause structure is commonly used with verbs related to communication and thought, such as *tahmin etmek* (to predict), *düşünmek* (to think), *duymak* (to hear), and *öğrenmek* (to learn).

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Future statements (-(y)AcAğI)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
meteorology	meteoroloji
humidity	nem
Meteorology experts say that the humidity will increase tomorrow.	Meteoroloji uzmanları, yarın nemin artacağını söylüyor.
sky	gök
cloud	bulut
They predict that there will be no clouds in the sky.	Gökte hiç bulut olmayacağını tahmin ediyorlar.
downpour	sağanak
We understood that a downpour will start because of the black clouds.	Siyah bulutlardan dolayı sağanak başlayacağını anladık.
severe	şiddetli
hurricane	kasırga
I heard that a severe hurricane will break out at night.	Gece şiddetli bir kasırga çıkacağını duydum.
drought	kuraklık
Meteorology informs that there will be a great drought this summer.	Meteoroloji, bu yaz büyük bir kuraklık olacağını haber veriyor.
lightning	şimşek
to flash	çakmak
Everyone thinks that lightning will flash.	Herkes şimşek çakacağını sanıyor.
I have an umbrella because I know that it will rain.	Şemsiyem var çünkü yağmur yağacağını biliyorum.
They say that the vegetables will not grow because of the drought.	Kuraklıktan ötürü sebzelerin büyümeyeceğini söylüyorlar.
If it does not rain, we predict that there will be a drought.	Yağmur yağmazsa, kuraklık olacağını tahmin ediyoruz.
It is pitch-dark, so I think that lightning will flash.	Hava kapkaranlık, bu yüzden şimşek çakacağını düşünüyorum.
I learned from meteorology that the humidity rate will fall today.	Bugün nem oranının düşeceğini meteorolojiden öğrendim.
Experts inform that the hurricane will be more severe.	Uzmanlar, kasırganın daha şiddetli olacağını haber veriyorlar.
Meteorology predicts that the sky will be dark and heavy rain will fall.	Meteoroloji, göğün karanlık olacağını ve sağanak yağmur yağacağını tahmin ediyor.