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### Formal Ongoing Relative Clauses

To describe a noun involved in a currently ongoing action, conversational Turkish uses the continuous relative `-Iyor olduğu`. However, formal contexts like journalism and clinical reporting typically use the formal continuous suffix `-mAktA`.

To form this, attach `-makta` or `-mekte` to the verb stem, followed by the relative participle **olduk** with a possessive suffix, and finally the noun being described.

| Subject (Genitive) | Verb Stem | Continuous | Relative Form | Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uzmanların | incele- | -mekte | olduğu | uzmanların incelemekte olduğu bulgular | the findings the experts are currently analyzing |
| Doktorun | geliştir- | -mekte | olduğu | doktorun geliştirmekte olduğu antikor | the antibody the doctor is currently developing |
| Bizim | izle- | -mekte | olduğumuz | izlemekte olduğumuz komplikasyonlar | the complications we are currently monitoring |

Notice that even when referring to a plural subject like *uzmanlar* or *doktorlar*, the third-person singular possessive suffix (`olduğu`) is standard.

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### Reporting Clinical Trials

This structure shines when documenting active medical trials, such as tracking patient symptoms, testing antibodies, or evaluating side effects. As with all object relative clauses, the subject of the clause takes the genitive case (*hastanın*, *ekibin*, *doktorların*).

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While the third-person form (*olduğu*) is the most frequent in reporting, you can conjugate **olduk-** to match other subjects. For example, adding `-umuz` or `-ümüz` for "we" allows a clinical team to formally state what they are actively observing.

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Formal ongoing relatives (-makta olduğu)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
cancer	kanser
finding	bulgu
The cancer findings that the experts are currently analyzing were presented yesterday.	Uzmanların incelemekte olduğu kanser bulguları dün sunuldu.
symptom	semptom
Despite the doctor giving medication, the symptoms that the patient is currently showing are worsening.	Doktorun ilaç vermesine rağmen, hastanın göstermekte olduğu semptomlar kötüleşiyor.
antibody	antikor
gene	gen
The antibody that the doctor is currently developing in the laboratory will affect this gene.	Doktorun laboratuvarda geliştirmekte olduğu antikor bu geni etkileyecek.
placebo	plasebo
measurement (act or result of measuring)	ölçüm
The fact that the patient has taken a placebo affects the measurements that the team is currently making.	Hastanın plasebo almış olması, ekibin yapmakta olduğu ölçümleri etkiliyor.
diagnosis	teşhis
complication	komplikasyon
The diagnosis that the doctors are currently making will cause new complications.	Doktorların koymakta olduğu teşhis, yeni komplikasyonlara sebep olacak.
The complications that the patient is currently experiencing are causing severe symptoms.	Hastanın yaşamakta olduğu komplikasyonlar şiddetli semptomlara yol açıyor.
The new antibody that the team is currently testing will destroy the cancer gene.	Ekibin denemekte olduğu yeni antikor kanser genini imha edecek.
The placebo findings that the expert is currently presenting were approved by the committee.	Uzmanın sunmakta olduğu plasebo bulguları komite tarafından onaylandı.
immunity	bağışıklık
The fact that the patient has gained immunity explains the measurements that the nurse is currently recording.	Hastanın bağışıklık kazanmış olması, hemşirenin kaydetmekte olduğu ölçümleri açıklıyor.
Even though the patient has received a cancer diagnosis, the complications that we are currently monitoring are very mild.	Hastanın kanser teşhisi almış olmasına rağmen, izlemekte olduğumuz komplikasyonlar çok hafif.
We are measuring the immunity that the vaccine is developing.	Aşının geliştirmekte olduğu bağışıklığı ölçüyoruz.