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### Turning Facts into Subjects

To state that an outcome or situation is obvious, expected, or proven, you can turn a complete action into the subject of your sentence. 

In Turkish, this is done using the factive suffixes **-dIk** (for past and present events) and **-(y)AcAk** (for future events).

- **The Factive Clause:** Add **-dIk** or **-(y)AcAk** to the verb stem, followed by a possessive suffix to show *who* performed or will perform the action. 
- **The Case Marker:** Because this entire clause acts as the subject of your sentence, it takes *no case marker* (it remains in the nominative case). 
- **The Predicate:** The sentence concludes with an adjective or a passive verb describing the fact.

Here is how you pair these subject clauses with descriptive adjectives like **malum** (known), **aşikâr** (obvious), or **meçhul** (unknown).

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### Expressing Mysteries and Reactions

You can apply this exact same structure to describe a fact as a mystery, a tragedy, or a joke, simply by using a different descriptive adjective at the end of the sentence.

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### Proven and Documented Facts

Instead of adjectives, you can also use passive verbs as the predicate of your sentence. The factive clause remains the main subject, so it still takes zero case. 

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Factive subjects ('-dIk' / '-(y)AcAk')

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
known / evident	malum
It turns out that it was known long in advance that the company would go bankrupt.	Meğerse şirketin iflas edeceği çok önceden malumdu.
That they lied is known, we should make a new plan.	Onların yalan söylediği malum, yeni bir plan yapmalıyız.
obvious / clear (manifest, evident)	aşikâr
It is obvious that they deceived us.	Bizi kandırdıkları aşikâr.
In the past, who was right wouldn't be obvious.	Eskiden kimin haklı olduğu aşikâr olmazdı.
pleasing / joyful	sevindirici
It is very pleasing that the patient finally got better.	Hastanın sonunda iyileştiği çok sevindirici.
That we finished the project is pleasing, now we should celebrate this.	Projeyi bitirdiğimiz sevindirici, şimdi bunu kutlamalıyız.
unknown / uncertain (unidentified, anonymous)	meçhul
It is unknown when the meeting will end.	Toplantının ne zaman biteceği meçhul.
Who the killer was, was unknown for a long time.	Katilin kim olduğu uzun süre meçhuldü.
mystery / puzzle	muamma
Where they hid the money is a complete mystery.	Parayı nereye sakladıkları tam bir muamma.
What happened in the forest that night is still a mystery.	O gece ormanda ne olduğu hâlâ bir muamma.
dubious / suspicious	şaibeli
How he won the election is quite dubious.	Seçimi nasıl kazandığı oldukça şaibeli.
In the past, who would win the tender wouldn't be dubious.	Eskiden ihaleyi kimin kazanacağı şaibeli olmazdı.
ridiculous / comical	gülünç
That you rejected this much money is ridiculous.	Senin bu kadar parayı reddettiğin gülünç.
That a grown man is afraid of the dark is very ridiculous.	Yetişkin bir adamın karanlıktan korktuğu çok gülünç.
tragic	trajik
That the poor family lost everything is tragic.	Zavallı ailenin her şeyi kaybettiği trajik.
It turns out that the ship would sink was a tragic fact.	Meğer geminin batacağı trajik bir gerçekti.
to be proven	kanıtlanmak
It was proven that the suspect was not in the city that day.	Şüphelinin o gün şehirde olmadığı kanıtlandı.
That the new medicine is good for patients hasn't been proven yet.	Yeni ilacın hastalara iyi geldiği henüz kanıtlanmadı.
to be documented	belgelenmek
It was documented that the boss met secretly with the secretary.	Patronun sekreterle gizlice görüştüğü belgelendi.
That the company used harmful chemicals must be officially documented.	Şirketin zararlı kimyasallar kullandığı resmî olarak belgelenmeli.