The Adverbial Suffix -cA
The suffix -cA adapts to words through vowel harmony and consonant mutation, taking the forms -ca, -ce, -ça, or -çe. It is a versatile tool used to express both collective group actions and massive extents.
Collective Action
When attached directly to a noun representing a group of people, the suffix implies that the group is performing the action together, as a unified whole.
- aile (family) + -ce = ailece (as a family)
- millet (nation) + -çe = milletçe (as a nation)
| We attended the carnival as a family in July. | Temmuz ayında karnavala ailece katıldık. |
Massive Quantities and Long Durations
To emphasize an impressively large amount or a very long time, attach -cA immediately after the plural suffix -lAr, creating the compound suffix -larca or -lerce.
- Added to time words, it translates to "for [units]" (e.g., asırlarca for centuries, günlerce for days).
- Added to numbers or measurements, it translates to "thousands of", "tons of", or "kilometers of".
| We lived peacefully in these lands as a nation for centuries. | Asırlarca bu topraklarda milletçe huzur içinde yaşadık. |
| Because of the influx of tourists, kilometers of queues formed on the road. | Turist akını yüzünden yolda kilometrelerce kuyruk oluştu. |
| The trucks carried bricks to the construction site for days. | Kamyonlar şantiyeye günlerce tuğla taşıdı. |
Emphasizing Volume and Capacity
This same -lArcA structure is frequently used with weights, volumes, and containers to express the sheer scale of materials, such as "tons of tomatoes", "jars of sauce", or "hectares of land".
| They made jars of sauce with tons of tomatoes at the factory. | Fabrikada tonlarca domates ile kavanozlarca sos yaptılar. |
| The burning of hectares of forest saddened us a lot. | Hektarlarca ormanın yanışı bizi çok üzdü. |
| Fortunately, they brought containers of items to the port. | İyi ki konteynerlerce eşyayı limana getirdiler. |
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