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In Turkish, you express ability ("can") by attaching a suffix directly to the verb root.

### The Ability Suffix: -(y)abil / -(y)ebil

The ability suffix follows 2-way vowel harmony:
- Add **-abil** for back vowels (a, ı, o, u).
- Add **-ebil** for front vowels (e, i, ö, ü).
- If the verb root ends in a vowel, add the buffer **-y-** (e.g., *tasarla* → *tasarlayabil*).

To express general ability, combine this suffix with the Aorist (simple present) tense. Because the suffix is derived from *bilmek* (to know/be able), its aorist form always takes **-ir**.

### "He / She / It can"

For the third person, there is no personal ending. The formula is just **Verb Root + (y)abil/ebil + ir**:

- **yap** (make) + **abil** + **ir** = **yapabilir** (he/she can make)
- **tasarla** (design) + **y** + **abil** + **ir** = **tasarlayabilir** (he/she can design)

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### "We can"

To say "we can," attach the first-person plural ending **-iz** to the aorist ability suffix, forming **-(y)abiliriz** or **-(y)ebiliriz**.

*(Note: When a verb root ends in **t** like **etmek**, it often softens to **d** before a vowel. So, **inşa et** becomes **inşa edebiliriz**).*

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Expressing ability (-abilir)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
architect	mimar
to design	tasarlamak
The architect can design a beautiful building.	Mimar güzel bir bina tasarlayabilir.
craftsman	usta
iron	demir
The craftsman can make an iron door.	Usta demir bir kapı yapabilir.
to construct	inşa etmek
We can construct a new school here.	Burada yeni bir okul inşa edebiliriz.
concrete	beton
The craftsman can carry concrete.	Usta beton taşıyabilir.
brick	tuğla
wood	ahşap
Let's use brick and wood for the new project.	Yeni proje için tuğla ve ahşap kullanalım.
The young architect can design a big park.	Genç mimar büyük bir park tasarlayabilir.
hammer	çekiç
nail (metal)	çivi
We can find a hammer and nails.	Çekiç ve çivi bulabiliriz.
Let's buy bricks for this wall.	Bu duvar için tuğla alalım.
The engineer can bring concrete and iron.	Mühendis beton ve demir getirebilir.
The craftsman can make a wooden table.	Usta ahşap bir masa yapabilir.
He can construct a new hotel.	Yeni bir otel inşa edebilir.
The nail is very small but the hammer is big.	Çivi çok küçük ama çekiç büyük.
possible	mümkün
This is not possible.	Bu mümkün değil.
Is it possible to meet tomorrow?	Yarın buluşmak mümkün mü?