Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

When looking for the perfect hotel, restaurant, or apartment, you often have specific criteria. In Turkish, describing a place by what it has or lacks involves a special type of relative clause using the words **olan** and **olmayan**.

### Specifying What a Place Has

Normally, to say "there is alcohol in its rooms," you use **var** (*Odalarında alkol var*). To turn this into a descriptive phrase like "a hotel *that has* alcohol in its rooms," you drop **var** and replace it with **olan** (being / which is).

The formula is simple: **Locative phrase** (*Odalarında*) + **Item** (*alkol*) + **olan** + **Head Noun** (*otel*).

{{item:860978}}

### Specifying What a Place Lacks

To describe a place by what it *lacks*, you apply the exact same structure but replace **yok** (there is not) with **olmayan** (not being / which is not). This is incredibly useful for setting strict dietary restrictions or stating your preferences.

{{item:860979}}

{{item:860981}}

### Room and Venue Features

You will frequently use this structure to hunt for specialized amenities. By changing the locative word at the beginning of the clause, you can specify exactly where the feature needs to be—whether in the basement, the bathroom, or the garden.

{{item:860984}}

{{item:860987}}

### Describing Surroundings

You are not limited to what is physically inside a building. You can use spatial words like **önünde** (in front of it) or **yakınında** (near it) as your locative phrase to describe the venue's outside environment.

{{item:860999}}

{{item:861000}}

Existential relative clauses (olan / olmayan)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
alcohol	alkol
We will not be able to stay in a hotel that has alcohol in its rooms.	Odalarında alkol olan bir otelde kalamayacağız.
I will be able to find a restaurant that does not have alcohol on its menu.	Menüsünde alkol olmayan bir restoran bulabileceğim.
allergen	alerjen
We will choose the desserts that do not have allergens in them.	İçinde alerjen olmayan tatlıları seçeceğiz.
They prepared a menu that does not have allergens in it for the guests.	Misafirler için içinde alerjen olmayan bir menü hazırladılar.
sauna	sauna
I will also be able to book a hotel that has a sauna in its basement.	Bodrumunda sauna olan bir otel de ayırtabileceğim.
We stayed at a facility that does not have a sauna in its center.	Merkezinde sauna olmayan bir tesiste kaldık.
jacuzzi	jakuzi
Will you rent the apartment that has a jacuzzi in its bathroom?	Banyosunda jakuzi olan daireyi kiralayacak mısın?
The rooms that have a jacuzzi on their terrace are very expensive.	Terasında jakuzi olan odalar çok pahalı.
gazebo	çardak
We bought the house that has a gazebo in its garden.	Bahçesinde çardak olan evi satın aldık.
We will not go to a cafe that does not have a gazebo in its garden.	Bahçesinde çardak olmayan bir kafeye gitmeyeceğiz.
hammock	hamak
He almost rented the apartment that has a hammock on its balcony.	Az kalsın balkonunda hamak olan daireyi kiralıyordu.
We are looking for a campsite that has hammocks in its trees.	Ağaçlarında hamak olan bir kamp alanı arıyoruz.
sunbed	şezlong
Because we might get tired, we will go to a lake that has sunbeds on its shore.	Yoruluruz diye, kıyısında şezlong olan bir göle gideceğiz.
We will also be able to visit the hotel that has sunbeds at the edge of its pool.	Havuzunun kenarında şezlong olan oteli de ziyaret edebileceğiz.
sandy beach	kumsal
We prefer hotels that have a sandy beach in front of them.	Önünde kumsal olan otelleri tercih ediyoruz.
We will get bored in a house that does not have a sandy beach near it.	Yakınında kumsal olmayan bir evde sıkılacağız.
lifeguard	cankurtaran
We will swim at a beach that has a lifeguard on its shore.	Sahilinde cankurtaran olan bir plajda yüzeceğiz.
I will not swim in a sea that does not have a lifeguard on its shore.	Kıyısında cankurtaran olmayan bir denizde yüzmeyeceğim.
lane (in a pool/track)	kulvar
I am looking for a gym that has lanes in its pool.	Havuzunda kulvar olan bir spor salonu arıyorum.
We will not swim in pools that do not have lanes in them.	İçinde kulvar olmayan havuzlarda yüzmeyeceğiz.

Contributors