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To indicate equal distribution—such as saying "one each," "three meters apart," or "two by two"—Turkish uses the distributive suffix **-(ş)ar / -(ş)er**. We will use these numbers to plan the layout of a new vineyard, spacing out our vines and stakes evenly.

### Numbers Ending in Consonants

If a number ends in a consonant, simply attach **-ar** or **-er**, following 2-way vowel harmony.

- *bir* (one) becomes *birer*
- *üç* (three) becomes *üçer*
- *beş* (five) becomes *beşer*

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### Numbers Ending in Vowels

When a number ends in a vowel, we use the buffer consonant **ş** to prevent two vowels from meeting. This creates the suffixes **-şar** and **-şer**.

- *iki* (two) becomes *ikişer*
- *altı* (six) becomes *altışar*

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### Doing Things in Batches

You can double a distributive number to turn it into an adverb. This describes how an action is performed in equal batches, translating to phrases like "two by two," "ten by ten," or "fifty at a time."

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### Consonant Mutation

Remember the consonant mutation rule for words ending in *p, ç, t, k*? When adding a suffix that starts with a vowel, the letter **t** at the end of **dört** (four) softens to a **d**, making it **dörder**.

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Distributive numbers (-(ş)ar / -(ş)er)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
land / terrain	arazi
grape	üzüm
to plant	dikmek
to calculate	hesaplamak
If we are going to plant grapes in this terrain, let's calculate the distances first.	Bu araziye üzüm dikeceksek, önce mesafeleri hesaplayalım.
We calculated the lines at six meters apart.	Çizgileri altışar metre olarak hesapladık.
hole / pit (in the ground)	çukur
Let's dig the holes at three-meter intervals.	Çukurları üçer metre mesafeyle kazalım.
sapling	fidan
The workers are carrying two saplings to each row.	İşçiler her sıraya ikişer fidan taşıyor.
The farmer had given the workers five saplings each.	Çiftçi işçilere beşer fidan vermişti.
stake	kazık
to align	hizalamak
Let's align the stakes four by four.	Kazıkları dörder dörder hizalayalım.
to bury	gömmek
We buried exactly one seed into the root of each sapling.	Her fidanın köküne tam birer tohum gömdük.
kilogram	kilo
We buried two kilos of fertilizer each into the holes.	Çukurlara ikişer kilo gübre gömdük.
Let's give seven liters of water to each grape root.	Her üzüm köküne yedişer litre su verelim.
equal	eşit
to distribute (into shares)	paylaştırmak
Let's distribute the load equally; let's carry ten kilos each.	Yükü eşit paylaştıralım, onar kilo taşıyalım.
If the terrain is very large, let's align the rows fifty by fifty.	Arazi çok genişse, sıraları ellişer ellişer hizalayalım.
We will have distributed thirty stakes to each garden.	Her bahçeye otuzar kazık paylaştırmış olacağız.
Did you plant the saplings two by two into the holes?	Fidanları çukurlara ikişer ikişer mi diktiniz?
We are burying one stake each into the equal holes.	Eşit çukurlara birer kazık gömüyoruz.
time, occasion (= kez; bir kere)	kere
I have watched this movie three times.	Bu filmi üç kere izledim.
I brush my teeth twice a day.	Günde iki kere diş fırçalıyorum.
Could you say it one more time?	Bir kere daha söyler misin?