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### Definite Noun Compounds

In Turkish, to link two specific nouns together—like "the computer's screen" or "the door of the house"—you create a **definite noun compound** (*belirtili isim tamlaması*). 

Just like expressing ownership with people, you attach the genitive suffix to the first noun (the "owner") and the 3rd-person possessive suffix to the second noun (the "owned" item). Both suffixes follow 4-way vowel harmony.

First Noun + **-(n)ın** / **-(n)in** / **-(n)un** / **-(n)ün**
Second Noun + **-(s)ı** / **-(s)i** / **-(s)u** / **-(s)ü**

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### Buffer Consonants

Remember that Turkish avoids placing two vowels next to each other. 
- If the first noun ends in a vowel, insert the buffer **n** before the genitive suffix (**-nın**, **-nin**, etc.).
- If the second noun ends in a vowel, insert the buffer **s** before the possessive suffix (**-sı**, **-si**, etc.).

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### Consonant Mutation

When adding these vowel-starting suffixes to nouns ending in hard consonants (like **p, ç, t, k**), the final consonant often softens. 
- **p** softens to **b** (e.g., **kitap** becomes **kitabın**)
- **k** softens to **ğ** (e.g., **uçak** becomes **uçağın**)
- **t** softens to **d** (e.g., **kilit** becomes **kilidi**)

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### Plurals in Compounds

If the second noun is plural, simply attach the plural suffix (**-lar** or **-ler**) before the possessive suffix. Because the plural suffix ends in a consonant, you will attach the possessive suffix directly without a buffer **s** (just **-ı** or **-i**).

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Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
author	yazar
Who is the author of the book?	Kitabın yazarı kim?
The author of this book is very young.	Bu kitabın yazarı çok genç.
driver	şoför
Where is the driver of the bus?	Otobüsün şoförü nerede?
Is the driver of the taxi listening to music?	Taksinin şoförü müzik dinliyor mu?
engine	motor
Is the car's engine running?	Arabanın motoru çalışıyor mu?
The airplane's engine is very big.	Uçağın motoru çok büyük.
screen	ekran
The computer's screen is off.	Bilgisayarın ekranı kapalı.
The phone's screen is small.	Telefonun ekranı küçük.
password	şifre
What is the computer's password?	Bilgisayarın şifresi ne?
This is not the phone's password.	Bu, telefonun şifresi değil.
battery	pil
The phone has no battery.	Telefonun pili yok.
The computer's battery is very hot.	Bilgisayarın pili çok sıcak.
window	pencere
The room's window is open.	Odanın penceresi açık.
The house's windows are open.	Evin pencereleri açık.
lock	kilit
The door's lock is new.	Kapının kilidi yeni.
Where is the bag's lock?	Çantanın kilidi nerede?
voice / sound	ses
The woman's voice is very beautiful.	Kadının sesi çok güzel.
Are the woman's children sleeping?	Kadının çocukları uyuyor mu?
smell / scent	koku
The smell of the soup is very good.	Çorbanın kokusu çok iyi.
The flower has a smell.	Çiçeğin kokusu var.
The child's voice is very beautiful.	Çocuğun sesi çok güzel.
Is he a driver?	O şoför mü?
assistant, helper	yardımcı
The manager's assistant is in the office now.	Müdürün yardımcısı şimdi ofiste.
The boss's assistant is writing a report.	Patronun yardımcısı bir rapor yazıyor.
My assistant is sick today and is resting at home.	Yardımcım bugün hasta, evde dinleniyor.