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When you want to explain exactly *how* an action should be done, or describe something as being "such" a way, Turkish uses **böyle**, **şöyle**, and **öyle**. These are related to the demonstrative words *bu*, *şu*, and *o* (this, that, and that over there), but instead of pointing to objects, they point to manner and degree.

### Modifying verbs: "Like this" and "Like that"

When modifying a verb, these words act as adverbs describing how an action is performed.

- **Böyle** (like this): The manner is close to the speaker or was just mentioned.
- **Şöyle** (like this / as follows): Often used when physically demonstrating an action ("Do it like this"). 
- **Öyle** (like that): The action is further away, or is currently being done by the listener.

Place them right before the verb or the adverb you want to emphasize.

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### Modifying nouns: "Such a..."

These words can also describe a noun, translating to "such" or "like this/that."

When used with a singular noun, the word **bir** (a/an) comes immediately before the noun. Any other adjectives (like "big" or "old") go between the demonstrative and **bir**.

**Structure:**
**böyle / şöyle / öyle + (adjective) + bir + noun**

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Adverbs of manner (böyle, şöyle, öyle)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
tool	alet
like this (about to be mentioned) / as follows	şöyle
Hold the tool with your hand like this.	Aleti elinle şöyle tut.
Using this tool like this is very dangerous.	Bu aleti böyle kullanmak çok tehlikeli.
saw	testere
We are practicing cutting the wood like this with a saw.	Ahşabı testereyle şöyle kesmek için pratik yapıyoruz.
An old saw like this doesn't cut the wood well.	Böyle eski bir testere tahtayı iyi kesmiyor.
drill	matkap
to drill / to pierce	delmek
Don't drill the wall like that with the drill.	Duvarı matkapla öyle delme.
I don't want to use such a big drill.	Böyle büyük bir matkap kullanmak istemiyorum.
To drill the wood, we hold the drill like this.	Ahşabı delmek için matkabı şöyle tutuyoruz.
vise / clamp	mengene
Clamp the board tightly to the vise like this.	Tahtayı mengeneye böyle sıkıca bağla.
The vise doesn't hold the wood tightly like this.	Mengene tahtayı böyle sıkıca tutmuyor.
to carve / to whittle	yontmak
I am whittling this small board like this with a knife.	Bu küçük tahtayı bıçakla böyle yontuyorum.
It is necessary to use the tool like this to whittle the board.	Tahtayı yontmak için aleti şöyle kullanmak lazım.
to carve out	oymak
We use a tool like this to carve the wood.	Ahşabı oymak için şöyle bir alet kullanıyoruz.
It is very difficult to carve such a beautiful motif.	Böyle güzel bir motif oymak çok zor.
to shape	şekillendirmek
We put the board in the vise and shape it like that.	Tahtayı mengeneye koyuyoruz ve öyle şekillendiriyoruz.
We help each other shape the wood like this.	Biz ahşabı şöyle şekillendirmek için birbirimize yardım ediyoruz.
smooth	pürüzsüz
The wood doesn't look smooth like this.	Ahşap böyle pürüzsüz görünmüyor.
We work carefully to make the surface smooth like this.	Yüzeyi şöyle pürüzsüz yapmak için dikkatli çalışıyoruz.