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In the previous lesson, you saw how **-ki** turns locations into adjectives (like *masadaki* - the one on the table). When talking about time, **-ki** also creates adjectives—such as "tomorrow's exam" or "the morning's meeting"—but with one key difference: it attaches **directly** to the time word, without needing a locative case ending first.

Here is how you build it:
- **yarın** (tomorrow) + **-ki** = **yarınki** (tomorrow's)
- **sabah** (morning) + **-ki** = **sabahki** (the morning's)
- **akşam** (evening) + **-ki** = **akşamki** (the evening's)

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### The "-kü" Exception for Today and Yesterday

Usually, **-ki** ignores vowel harmony and never changes its vowel. However, there are two major exceptions you will use constantly when reflecting on your day: **dün** (yesterday) and **bugün** (today). 

Because these words end in rounded vowels, the suffix transforms to match them, becoming **-kü**.

- **dün** + **-kü** = **dünkü** (yesterday's)
- **bugün** + **-kü** = **bugünkü** (today's)

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### Multi-word Time Phrases

The **-ki** suffix doesn't just attach to single words; it can also attach to the end of a multi-word time phrase. For example, **geçen yıl** (last year) becomes **geçen yılki** (last year's), and **gelecek hafta** (next week) becomes **gelecek haftaki** (next week's).

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### Using Time Adjectives to Compare

Once formed, these time words function exactly like normal adjectives. You place them immediately before the noun they describe, making them perfect for contrasting past experiences with future expectations.

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Adjectives from times (-ki)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
event	olay
diary	günlük
memory	anı
Today's event is an important memory for this diary.	Bugünkü olay bu günlük için önemli bir anı.
I was going to write yesterday's memories in the diary, but I fell asleep.	Dünkü anıları günlüğe yazacaktım ama uyuyakaldım.
I was very sad about the morning's accident.	Sabahki kazaya çok üzüldüm.
hope	umut
Tomorrow's meeting gives me hope.	Yarınki toplantı bana umut veriyor.
to come true / to take place / happen	gerçekleşmek
Yesterday's dream will perhaps come true tomorrow.	Dünkü rüya belki yarın gerçekleşecek.
worry	endişe
I have no worries about next week's holiday.	Gelecek haftaki tatil için hiçbir endişem yok.
experience	deneyim
expectation	beklenti
Last year's experience affects my expectation for tomorrow.	Geçen yılki deneyim yarınki beklentimi etkiliyor.
past	geçmiş
The past is not important, today's experience is important.	Geçmiş önemli değil, bugünkü deneyim önemli.
My expectation for tomorrow is very high, but it will not come true.	Yarınki beklentim çok yüksek ama gerçekleşmeyecek.
Yesterday's dream and today's reality do not resemble each other.	Dünkü rüya ve bugünkü gerçek birbirine benzemiyor.
I was going to tell old memories at the evening's party.	Akşamki partide eski anıları anlatacaktım.
Yesterday's event was not a dream.	Dünkü olay bir rüya değildi.
Can my hope for today come true tomorrow?	Bugünkü umudum yarın gerçekleşebilir mi?
I do not feel hope or worry about tomorrow's exam.	Yarınki sınav için umut veya endişe hissetmiyorum.
dream (daydream, imagination)	hayal
Yesterday's dream is just the past.	Dünkü hayal sadece geçmiş.
Tomorrow's dream is a new hope.	Yarınki hayal yeni bir umut.
Yesterday's memory is very special.	Dünkü anı çok özel.
Today's event was interesting.	Bugünkü olay ilginçti.
Tomorrow's hope is big.	Yarınki umut büyük.
Tomorrow's plan is ready.	Yarınki plan hazır.