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### Saying What You Can Do

In the previous lesson you used **-abilir** and **-ebilir** for *he*, *she* and *it*, and **-abiliriz** for *we*. For the other persons, add the same personal endings as the aorist (simple present): **yaparım**, **yaparsın**, **yaparsınız**.

| Person | oynamak (to play) | yapmak (to do) | gitmek (to go) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ben (I) | oynayabilirim | yapabilirim | gidebilirim |
| sen (you) | oynayabilirsin | yapabilirsin | gidebilirsin |
| o (he / she / it) | oynayabilir | yapabilir | gidebilir |
| biz (we) | oynayabiliriz | yapabiliriz | gidebiliriz |
| siz (you, plural or formal) | oynayabilirsiniz | yapabilirsiniz | gidebilirsiniz |
| onlar (they) | oynayabilirler | yapabilirler | gidebilirler |

Only the first part changes with the verb:

- **-abil** after a, ı, o, u and **-ebil** after e, i, ö, ü.
- A verb ending in a vowel takes a **y** first: **oyna-y-abilirim**.
- The **t** of **gitmek** softens to **d**: **gidebilirim**.

The personal ending always follows the **i** of **-bilir**, so its vowel never changes: **-im**, **-sin**, **-iz**, **-siniz**.

### Games You Can Play

Ball games go with **oynamak** (to play):

{{item:1157319}}

{{item:1157329}}

{{item:1157327}}

### Sports You Can Do

Water sports and gymnastics go with **yapmak** (to do): **sörf yapmak**, **dalış yapmak**, **jimnastik yapmak**.

{{item:1157332}}

{{item:1157333}}

### Offering and Allowing

With *you*, the same form often offers something or allows it, just like *you can* in English:

{{item:1157341}}

{{item:1157324}}

For **onlar** (they), add **-ler**:

{{item:1157321}}

Ability with personal endings (-abilirim, -abilirsin)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
tennis	tenis
I can play tennis.	Ben tenis oynayabilirim.
You can play tennis with your mother.	Sen annenle tenis oynayabilirsin.
The children can play tennis too.	Çocuklar da tenis oynayabilirler.
racket (sports)	raket
I can give you my racket.	Ben sana raketimi verebilirim.
You can leave the rackets here.	Siz raketleri burada bırakabilirsiniz.
golf	golf
We can play golf at the weekend.	Biz hafta sonu golf oynayabiliriz.
You can play golf in this city.	Siz bu şehirde golf oynayabilirsiniz.
volleyball	voleybol
We can play volleyball on the beach.	Biz plajda voleybol oynayabiliriz.
You can play volleyball with your friends too.	Sen de arkadaşlarınla voleybol oynayabilirsin.
surfing	sörf
I can surf in this sea.	Ben bu denizde sörf yapabilirim.
You can learn to surf in a week.	Sen bir haftada sörf yapmayı öğrenebilirsin.
diving	dalış
We can go diving here in the summer.	Biz yazın burada dalış yapabiliriz.
You can take a diving course at this hotel.	Siz bu otelde dalış kursu alabilirsiniz.
skateboard	kaykay
I can ride a skateboard in the park.	Ben parkta kaykaya binebilirim.
You can go to school by skateboard.	Sen kaykayla okula gidebilirsin.
helmet	kask
You can wear my helmet.	Sen benim kaskımı takabilirsin.
We can buy two helmets for the bicycle.	Biz bisiklet için iki kask alabiliriz.
gymnastics	jimnastik
I can do gymnastics too.	Ben de jimnastik yapabilirim.
You can do gymnastics at school.	Siz okulda jimnastik yapabilirsiniz.
somersault	takla
I can do a somersault in the garden.	Ben bahçede takla atabilirim.
You can do a somersault too, it's very easy.	Sen de takla atabilirsin, çok kolay.

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