Breakdown of น้ำ หมด แล้ว ครับ
ครับ
polite particle (male)
น้ำ
water
แล้ว
already
หมด
to run out / completely (resultative)
Questions & Answers about น้ำ หมด แล้ว ครับ
How does แล้ว change the meaning of this sentence?
แล้ว indicates that a change of state has happened. Without it, น้ำหมด just states a general fact like 'water runs out'. By adding แล้ว at the end of the phrase, it shows the process is complete: the water has run out.
Why isn't there a word for 'has' or 'is' in this sentence?
In Thai, state words like หมด act as verbs meaning 'to be used up' or 'to run out.' Because it is already a verb, you just put the noun น้ำ directly next to it without needing a linking word like 'is' or 'has'.
Can I use the หมดแล้ว pattern for things other than water?
Absolutely! Placing หมดแล้ว after a noun is the standard way to say you are out of something. For example, if you replace water with money, you get เงินหมดแล้ว, meaning 'I am out of money' or 'The money has run out'.
Does the polite particle ครับ always have to be the very last word?
Yes. Polite particles like ครับ (for male speakers) and ค่ะ (for female speakers) always go at the absolute end of the sentence, even coming after completion particles like แล้ว.
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