Breakdown of ยึดติด กับ อดีต ทำให้ ทรมาน ครับ
ครับ
polite particle (male)
กับ
with / and (connecting nouns) / to (a recipient)
ทำให้
to cause
อดีต
past
ทรมาน
to suffer
ยึดติด
to cling to
Questions & Answers about ยึดติด กับ อดีต ทำให้ ทรมาน ครับ
Why isn't there a การ (kan) in front of ยึดติด (yut-tit) to make it 'clinging'?
This is an example of zero-nominalization, which you are learning in this lesson. While formal written Thai uses การยึดติด to turn the verb into a noun phrase, spoken Thai often drops the การ prefix. You can use the bare verb phrase ยึดติดกับอดีต directly in the subject position to make a general statement.
In English we say 'cling to the past', so why does Thai use กับ (kap) which normally means 'with'?
Verbs of attachment, joining, or interacting in Thai often pair with กับ. Even though ยึดติด translates to 'cling to' or 'be attached to', Thai logic treats it as being attached 'with' the object, hence ยึดติดกับอดีต.
The translation says 'makes you suffer', but there is no word for 'you' after ทำให้ (tham-hai). Is it just understood?
Exactly. ทำให้ means 'to make' or 'to cause (someone to do/feel something)'. When making a general philosophical statement like this, Thai naturally drops the generic pronoun (like 'you' or 'people') that would normally go between ทำให้ and the resulting state.
Is ทรมาน (tho-ra-man) acting as a verb or an adjective here?
It can function as both depending on the context, meaning either 'to suffer' (verb) or 'torturous' (adjective). Here, following ทำให้, it describes the resulting state of the dropped object, so it translates smoothly as 'makes [one] suffer' or 'makes [things] torturous'.
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