Breakdown of ผู้ใด ละเว้น การกระทำ ถือว่า บุคคล นั้น มี ความผิด
มี
to have / there is / there are
นั้น
that (modifier)
การกระทำ
action
ถือว่า
to consider, to regard as, to count as
บุคคล
person, individual (formal)
ความผิด
fault, offense
ผู้ใด
anyone / whoever (formal)
ละเว้น
to refrain / to omit
Questions & Answers about ผู้ใด ละเว้น การกระทำ ถือว่า บุคคล นั้น มี ความผิด
Why does this sentence use บุคคล instead of a normal word like คน or the pronoun เขา?
บุคคล is a highly formal word for 'person' or 'individual,' typically used in legal texts, contracts, and academic writing. In this sentence, it functions as a formal pronoun referring back to ผู้ใด (whoever), matching the serious, legal tone of the statement.
I thought ใด meant 'any' or 'which.' Is ผู้ใด asking a question here?
No, it is not a question. Just like how ใคร can mean either 'who?' or 'anyone,' the formal equivalent ผู้ใด can mean 'which person?' or, as it does here, 'whoever' or 'any person.' It sets up a general condition for a rule or law.
Could I use เลิก (to quit/stop) instead of ละเว้น for 'refrains from'?
Not quite. เลิก implies stopping an action you were already doing. ละเว้น specifically means to abstain, neglect, or omit doing something. In a legal context like this, it usually implies failing to take an action that was expected or required.
Where is the subject for ถือว่า (it is considered that)?
There is no explicit subject. In Thai, it is common to drop the subject entirely when making a general, impersonal statement. ถือว่า acts essentially like the English passive voice 'it is considered that' or 'it is deemed that' without needing a dummy subject like 'it'.
Why say มีความผิด (has fault) rather than just saying they are ผิด (wrong)?
While ผิด means 'wrong' or 'incorrect' in everyday speech, ความผิด is the formal noun for 'guilt,' 'fault,' or a 'criminal offense.' Saying someone มีความผิด is the standard legal phrasing for being legally or officially at fault.
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