Breakdown of Nomineringen ledde till att han lovades forskningsbidraget.
han
he
att
that
lova
to promise
leda till
to lead to
forskningsbidraget
the research grant
nomineringen
the nomination
Questions & Answers about Nomineringen ledde till att han lovades forskningsbidraget.
Why does the sentence use han instead of honom if he is the one receiving the promise?
This sentence uses a recipient passive. In the active version, someone promises him the grant (någon lovade honom...), making him the indirect object. In this passive structure, that indirect object is promoted to become the subject of the sentence, so honom changes to han (he was promised).
How is the passive verb lovades formed?
You form this by taking the regular past tense of the verb, lovade (promised), and adding the passive -s ending. This gives you lovades (was promised).
What role does forskningsbidraget play in this passive sentence?
It acts as a "retained object." Verbs like lova (to promise) are ditransitive, meaning they take two objects: a recipient (who gets the promise) and a theme (what is promised). When the recipient becomes the subject in a passive sentence, the theme (forskningsbidraget) simply stays behind as the direct object.
English uses the "-ing" form here: "led to him being promised". Why does Swedish use till att followed by a full phrase?
Swedish doesn't use gerunds (the "-ing" form) after prepositions. Whenever an action follows a preposition like till, Swedish typically requires att (that) plus a subordinate clause. You literally say that it "led to that he was promised..." (ledde till att han lovades...).
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