Learn Swedish: Bordet är fint. - The table is nice.

Because bord (table) is an ett-word (ett bord). In Swedish, when you describe an ett-word, you must add a -t to the end of the adjective. If we were describing an en-word like en stol (a chair), it would just be fin.

Where is the word for 'the' in this sentence?

In Swedish, 'the' isn't a separate word like it is in English. Instead, it is attached to the end of the noun. Because table is ett bord, we add -et to the end to make bordet (the table).

Does fint mean the table is 'fine' (as in just okay), or something else?

In Swedish, fin (and its ett-word form, fint) is a very common word for 'nice', 'pretty', or 'good-looking'. So Bordet är fint means the table looks really nice or beautiful, rather than just being adequate.

If I just want to say 'It is nice' instead of 'The table is nice', do I still use fint?

Yes! To say 'It is nice' as a general statement, you use the dummy subject det for 'it'. Because det acts as an ett-word, the adjective still needs that -t ending. You would say Det är fint.