Present participles as adverbs (-ande, -ende)

In Swedish, you can use the present participle to describe the manner in which someone performs an action, much like the English "-ing" form (e.g., "came running" or "woke up crying").

To form the present participle:

  • For verbs ending in -a, add -nde (e.g., skrikaskrikande).
  • For short verbs ending in a vowel other than -a, add -ende (e.g., flyflyende).
The woman came screaming out from the burning house.
Kvinnan kom skrikande ut från det brinnande huset.
The thief disappeared fleeing into the darkness.
Tjuven försvann flyende in i mörkret.

Motion and Position

Present participles frequently pair with verbs of position (like sitta or ligga) or waiting to paint a vivid picture. The participle acts as an adverb describing the main verb.

We waited trembling for the ambulance in the rain.
Vi väntade darrande på ambulansen i regnet.
He lay crying on the floor.
Han låg gråtande på golvet.

It is also common to pair komma (to come) with a participle to describe exactly how someone arrives on the scene:

The firefighter came running into the house.
Brandmannen kom springande in i huset.

Sudden Actions and Reactions

This structure is especially useful when describing sudden actions—such as falling (falla) or waking up (vakna)—during emergencies or accidents.

She woke up screaming from the pain.
Hon vaknade skrikande av smärtan.
The actor fell screaming from the stage.
Skådespelaren föll skrikande från scenen.
The man fell bleeding down onto the floor.
Mannen föll blödande ner på golvet.