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### Expressing Part-Whole Possession

To express that a physical part belongs to an inanimate object—like the heel of a shoe or the zipper of a bag—Swedish uses the preposition *på* (on). Instead of saying "the heel of the shoe," you literally say "the heel on the shoe."

Both the part and the whole take their definite forms:

- [The Part (definite)] + *på* + [The Whole (definite)]

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### Clothes, Bags, and Accessories

This pattern applies to almost all parts of clothing, bags, and accessories.

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Whether you are pointing out a split seam, a broken strap, or a soft lining, *på* reliably links the specific part to the whole.

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Part-whole possession (på)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
the cobbler	skomakaren
the heel (of a shoe)	klacken
Is the cobbler sitting and repairing the heel of the shoe?	Sitter skomakaren och lagar klacken på skon?
I told the cobbler that the heel of the boot was broken.	Jag berättade för skomakaren att klacken på stöveln var trasig.
the sole	sulan
The cobbler replaced the sole of the boot before he closed the shop.	Skomakaren bytte sulan på stöveln innan han stängde butiken.
Can you repair the sole of the boot?	Kan du laga sulan på kängan?
the zipper	dragkedjan
The zipper of the bag is completely broken, so I have to repair it.	Dragkedjan på väskan är helt trasig, så jag måste reparera den.
The cobbler usually repairs the zipper of the jacket very quickly.	Skomakaren brukar laga dragkedjan på jackan väldigt snabbt.
the shoelace	skosnöret
Why is the shoelace of the boot so short?	Varför är skosnöret på kängan så kort?
He has time to replace the shoelace of the old shoe before the lesson.	Han hinner byta skosnöret på den gamla skon innan lektionen.
the buckle	spännet
The buckle of the belt is completely broken.	Spännet på bältet är helt trasigt.
Can the cobbler fix the buckle of the bag?	Kan skomakaren laga spännet på väskan?
the seam	sömmen
The seam of the boot is broken.	Sömmen på kängan är trasig.
The seam of the bag has split.	Sömmen på väskan har spruckit.
the strap	remmen
The strap of the bag is made of leather.	Remmen på väskan är av läder.
The cobbler sewed the strap of the bag this morning.	Skomakaren sydde remmen på väskan i morse.
the lining	fodret
The lining of the coat felt soft when she put it on.	Fodret på kappan kändes mjukt när hon tog på sig den.
The cobbler has to replace the lining of the boot because it is broken.	Skomakaren måste byta fodret på stöveln eftersom det är trasigt.
the loop	öglan
The loop of the backpack is unfortunately completely broken.	Öglan på ryggsäcken är tyvärr helt trasig.
The cobbler sewed a new loop on the boot.	Skomakaren sydde en ny ögla på stöveln.