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### Turning verbs into nouns (-ning, -ing)

In Swedish, you can turn a verb into a noun by adding the suffix **-ning** or **-ing** to its stem. These nouns describe an action, an ongoing process, or the result of an action—very similar to English words ending in "-ing" or "-tion".

All nouns formed this way are *en* words. When you talk about a specific process, you will see them in their definite form ending in **-en** (e.g., *-ningen*).

This pattern is incredibly common for medical and technical procedures. For example, look at how the verb *bedöva* (to numb) becomes the noun *bedövningen* (the anesthesia / the numbing):

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### Common dental procedures

Many standard procedures at the dental clinic are named using this exact same pattern. From *att borra* (to drill) we get *borrningen* (the drilling), and from *att laga* (to fix/fill) we get *lagningen* (the filling).

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### Actions and bodily processes

You will also hear these nouns used for actions you take or processes happening during the visit. For instance, the verb *skölja* (to rinse) becomes *sköljningen* (the rinsing):

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Finally, natural bodily processes like bleeding (*att blöda* → *blödning*) and breathing (*att andas* → *andning*) follow the same rule.

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Nouns made from verbs (-ning, -ing)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
to numb	bedöva
the filling	lagningen
We have to numb the tooth before the filling.	Vi måste bedöva tanden innan lagningen.
I have to numb you now, but it goes fast.	Jag måste bedöva dig nu, men det går fort.
the anesthesia	bedövningen
Does the anesthesia hurt?	Gör bedövningen ont?
The anesthesia will disappear in a few hours.	Bedövningen försvinner om några timmar.
What kind of material is in the filling?	Vad är det för material i lagningen?
the drilling	borrningen
It is the drilling that makes the most noise.	Det är borrningen som låter mest.
Many think that the drilling is awful.	Många tycker att borrningen är hemsk.
the cleaning	rengöringen
Now we start with the cleaning.	Nu börjar vi med rengöringen.
It is important not to miss the cleaning.	Det är viktigt att inte missa rengöringen.
the tartar	tandstenen
We remove all tartar during the cleaning.	Vi tar bort all tandsten under rengöringen.
You have no tartar left!	Du har ingen tandsten kvar!
to rinse	skölja
You can rinse your mouth now.	Du kan skölja munnen nu.
You do not need to rinse your mouth again.	Du behöver inte skölja munnen igen.
the rinsing	sköljningen
After the rinsing, we are completely finished.	Efter sköljningen är vi helt klara.
What kind of liquid do you use for the rinsing?	Vad använder du för vätska till sköljningen?
the bleeding	blödningen
The bleeding from the tooth will stop soon.	Blödningen från tanden slutar snart.
If the bleeding does not stop, we cannot continue.	Om blödningen inte slutar kan vi inte fortsätta.
the breathing	andningen
Focus on the breathing while I work!	Fokusera på andningen medan jag jobbar!
It helps that your breathing is calm.	Det hjälper att din andning är lugn.