Breakdown of Oficialmente, he dado por concluida la investigación.
haber
to have (auxiliary)
la investigación
the research / the investigation (official inquiry)
oficialmente
officially
dar por
to consider
concluir
to conclude
Questions & Answers about Oficialmente, he dado por concluida la investigación.
What does the phrase dar por add to this sentence?
The structure dar por + [past participle] means to consider something as done. In this sentence, he dado por concluida means I have considered it concluded or I have declared it closed. It emphasizes that an official or subjective decision has been made to finalize the action.
Why does concluida end in -a here, given that the verb is he dado?
Excellent spot! While the main verb is the present perfect he dado (which always uses the invariable -o ending for its own participle), concluida is part of the dar por structure. Here, it functions as an adjective modifying the direct object, la investigación. Because investigación is feminine singular, concluida must match it.
What happens to the word order if I replace la investigación with a pronoun?
The direct object pronoun goes before the conjugated verb, just like normal. You would say Oficialmente, la he dado por concluida. Notice that the participle concluida stays at the end and still matches the feminine pronoun la.
Could I change the word order and say he dado por la investigación concluida instead?
No, that sounds very unnatural. The standard structure is dar por directly followed by the adjective or past participle (concluida), and then the direct object (la investigación). Keep the por and the participle together.
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