Breakdown of Hoy nos sobra demasiado pan.
el pan
the bread
hoy
today
nos
to us / ourselves / us (direct object)
demasiado
too, too much
Questions & Answers about Hoy nos sobra demasiado pan.
Why is it demasiado here, and does it change form?
Yes, it changes form because it is modifying a noun. In this sentence, it acts as a determiner meaning 'too much' for the noun pan (bread). Since pan is masculine and singular, we use demasiado. If it were a feminine plural noun like manzanas (apples), you would say demasiadas manzanas (too many apples).
How do I know if demasiado is acting as a determiner or an adverb here?
You can tell by what it describes. Here, it describes the noun pan (bread), so it is a determiner and must match the masculine singular form of that noun. If it were describing a verb, like in Comemos demasiado (We eat too much), it would be an adverb and would never change form.
Why does the Spanish sentence use nos sobra when the English translation says 'we have'?
The verb sobrar means 'to be left over' or 'to be in excess'. It follows the same structure as the verb gustar. Instead of saying 'we have extra bread', Spanish says 'too much bread is extra to us'. The pronoun nos means 'to us', and sobra is conjugated in the 'it' form to match the actual subject of the sentence, which is pan.