Learn Spanish (Spain): Estudio hasta las once de la noche.

When telling time in Spanish, you always use a feminine article because it refers to the hidden word la hora (the hour). Because eleven is more than one, we use the plural las. If you were talking about one o'clock, you would use the singular la una.

Why does the sentence use de la noche instead of por la noche?

This is a very common mix-up! You use de la noche (or de la mañana, de la tarde) when you mention a specific time on the clock, like las once. If you just want to say "I study at night" in general, without an exact time, you use por: Estudio por la noche.

Can I use hasta for physical places, or is it only for time?

It works for both! Here it means "until" for a time limit. But you can also use hasta for physical distances to mean "up to" or "as far as." For example, Camino hasta el parque means "I walk as far as the park."