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Spanish (Spain)

### Four ways to cook

| verb | what it means |
|---|---|
| **asar** | to roast in the oven, or grill over a fire |
| **cocer** | to cook food in boiling water |
| **freír** | to fry in oil |
| **hervir** | to boil |

**El agua hierve**, and you **cueces** the pasta in it. People also say *hervir la pasta*, but **cocer** is the usual verb for food cooked in water. It goes **cuezo**, **cueces**, **cuece**, **cocemos**, **cocéis**, **cuecen**.

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### Raw or bland

**Crudo** is raw; **soso** means a dish needs salt or flavor. For the dish in front of you, both normally go with **estar**.

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### **Probar**, **oler a**, **saber a**

**Probar** is to taste food or try something new; **probarse** is to try on clothes. **Saber** also means to taste, and **oler** to smell (**huelo**, **hueles**, **huele**, **olemos**, **oléis**, **huelen**). Add **a** to say what of: *huele a ajo*, *sabe a pescado*.

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### Praise with **-ísimo**

**Rico** becomes **riquísimo** (c → qu), **bueno** becomes **buenísimo**, **soso** becomes **sosísimo**.

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### **La cafetera**

Many Spanish homes make coffee in a small stovetop **cafetera**, the moka pot. **Poner la cafetera** is to put the coffee on.

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Roasting, boiling and tasting (asar, cocer, probar)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
to roast, to grill	asar
My father roasts the chicken in the oven.	Mi padre asa el pollo en el horno.
On Sunday we grill meat in the garden.	El domingo asamos carne en el jardín.
Shall we roast the potatoes or fry them?	¿Asamos las patatas o las freímos?
to cook (in boiling water)	cocer
Cook the pasta for ten minutes.	Cuece la pasta diez minutos.
Today I've boiled eggs for the salad.	Hoy he cocido huevos para la ensalada.
Don't cook the vegetables so long.	No cuezas tanto las verduras.
raw	crudo
The chicken is still raw.	El pollo todavía está crudo.
Do you like raw fish?	¿Te gusta el pescado crudo?
Raw vegetables are very healthy.	Las verduras crudas son muy sanas.
bland (lacking salt or flavor)	soso
The soup is really bland.	La sopa está sosísima.
If it's bland, add more salt to it.	Si está soso, échale más sal.
This rice is a bit bland.	Este arroz está un poco soso.
the pepper (spice)	la pimienta
Put the salt and the pepper on the table.	Pon la sal y la pimienta en la mesa.
Do you put pepper on the omelette?	¿Le echas pimienta a la tortilla?
the vinegar	el vinagre
For the salad I need oil and vinegar.	Para la ensalada necesito aceite y vinagre.
Don't put vinegar on my salad.	No le eches vinagre a mi ensalada.
This vinegar is very strong.	Este vinagre es muy fuerte.
the mayonnaise	la mayonesa
Do you want mayonnaise with the fries?	¿Quieres mayonesa con las patatas fritas?
Today I've made mayonnaise at home.	Hoy he hecho mayonesa en casa.
This mayonnaise is really tasty!	¡Esta mayonesa está riquísima!
the sauce	la salsa
This sauce has a lot of pepper; it's too spicy.	Esta salsa tiene mucha pimienta; está demasiado picante.
The tomato sauce is really good.	La salsa de tomate está buenísima.
to try, to taste (food)	probar
Taste the sauce. Does it have enough salt?	Prueba la salsa. ¿Está bien de sal?
Have you tried my grandmother's omelette?	¿Has probado la tortilla de mi abuela?
Taste it. It's really tasty!	Pruébalo. ¡Está riquísimo!
I have never tried Japanese food.	Nunca he probado la comida japonesa.
the coffee maker	la cafetera
Have you put the coffee maker on?	¿Has puesto la cafetera?
My coffee maker is old, but it makes really good coffee.	Mi cafetera es vieja, pero hace un café buenísimo.
The coffee maker hasn't worked this morning.	Esta mañana la cafetera no ha funcionado.
to smell (of)	oler
It smells so good!	¡Qué bien huele!
The kitchen smells of garlic.	La cocina huele a ajo.
This fish doesn't smell good.	Este pescado no huele bien.
to taste (of)	saber
This soup tastes of fish.	Esta sopa sabe a pescado.
What does the sauce taste like?	¿A qué sabe la salsa?
This mayonnaise doesn't taste of anything.	Esta mayonesa no sabe a nada.
the lid, the top (of a pot, jar)	la tapa
Where is the lid of this pot?	¿Dónde está la tapa de esta olla?
I can't open the jar; the lid is very stiff.	No puedo abrir el tarro; la tapa está muy dura.
soft (not hard)	blando
The potatoes are already soft.	Las patatas ya están blandas.
I prefer soft cheese.	Prefiero el queso blando.
This bread is really soft.	Este pan está blandísimo.

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