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Spanish (Spain)

Possessive determiners are words like "my", "your", and "our" that indicate who owns what. In Spanish, these words must agree with the noun that is possessed, **not** the person who owns it.

| Person | Singular | Plural |
| - | - | - |
| yo (my) | mi | mis |
| tú (your) | tu | tus |
| él / ella / usted (his, her, your) | su | sus |
| nosotros / nosotras (our) | nuestro(a) | nuestros(as) |
| vosotros / vosotras (your plural) | vuestro(a) | vuestros(as) |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes (their, your) | su | sus |

### mi, tu, and su

The possessives **mi**, **tu**, and **su** only change to match the number of the noun they describe. If the noun that follows them is singular, use the base form. If the noun is plural, add an **-s** (**mis**, **tus**, **sus**). The gender of the noun does not matter for these three.

Also note that **su** and **sus** have multiple meanings: "his", "her", "your" (formal), and "their". You will usually know which one is meant from the surrounding context.

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### nuestro and vuestro

Unlike the other possessives, **nuestro** (our) and **vuestro** (your plural, used in Spain) must agree in both **gender** and **number** with the noun they describe.

- Use **-o** for masculine singular nouns and **-a** for feminine singular nouns.
- Add an **-s** if the noun is plural.

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Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
my	mi
the father	el padre
My father is tall.	Mi padre es alto.
your (singular)	tu
the mother	la madre
Where is your mother?	¿Dónde está tu madre?
his / her / their / your (formal)	su
the son	el hijo
His son is young.	Su hijo es joven.
our	nuestro
the daughter	la hija
Our daughter lives in the city.	Nuestra hija vive en la ciudad.
your (plural)	vuestro
the grandfather	el abuelo
Your (plural) grandfather has a new car.	Vuestro abuelo tiene un coche nuevo.
the grandmother	la abuela
My grandmother is tired today.	Mi abuela está cansada hoy.
Their parents are very nice.	Sus padres son muy simpáticos.
Your son reads the newspaper.	Tu hijo lee el periódico.
Our grandparents are not angry.	Nuestros abuelos no están enfadados.
Does your (plural) mother live with your (plural) grandmother?	¿Vuestra madre vive con vuestra abuela?
Her daughters study Spanish.	Sus hijas estudian español.