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Spanish (Spain)

### Habits with **soler**

To say what you usually do, Spanish has a verb made for habits: **soler** + infinitive. It works like *usually* in English, but it is a verb, so it is **soler** that changes for the person, and the action after it stays in the infinitive.

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**Soler** changes **o → ue**, like *poder* and *dormir*:

| person | soler |
|---|---|
| yo | **suelo** |
| tú | **sueles** |
| él / ella / usted | **suele** |
| nosotros / nosotras | **solemos** |
| vosotros / vosotras | **soléis** |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | **suelen** |

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Two common mistakes. **Soler** never stands alone — it always needs an infinitive after it. And the second verb is never conjugated: not *suelo me levanto*, but **suelo levantarme**, with the pronoun on the end of the infinitive (or **me suelo levantar**, with the pronoun before soler).

### Getting up and getting ready

**Despertarse** (*me despierto*, e → ie) is to wake up; **levantarse** is to get out of bed. Both are reflexive, like *ducharse* and *acostarse*, and so is **afeitarse** (to shave).

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In the bathroom you need **el cepillo de dientes** and **la pasta de dientes**.

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### **Ir** or **irse**?

**Ir** is about *where* you go, so it normally names a destination. **Irse** is about *leaving* the place where you are now — the destination is optional.

| verb | it answers | example |
|---|---|---|
| **ir** | Where are you going? | Voy al trabajo a las ocho. |
| **irse** | Are you leaving? | Me voy, ¡hasta mañana! |

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### In a hurry, sleepy

Like *tener hambre*, Spanish uses **tener** + noun for these states: **tener prisa** (to be in a hurry) and **tener sueño** (to be sleepy). Make them stronger with **mucho / mucha**.

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My daily routine (despertarse, soler)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Question	Answer
to wake up	despertarse
I wake up at seven.	Me despierto a las siete.
On Sundays I wake up late.	Los domingos me despierto tarde.
What time do you wake up?	¿A qué hora te despiertas?
My son wakes up very early.	Mi hijo se despierta muy temprano.
I go to work at eight.	Voy al trabajo a las ocho.
to shave	afeitarse
My father shaves every morning.	Mi padre se afeita todas las mañanas.
I have a shower and I shave.	Me ducho y me afeito.
He has a beard because he doesn't shave.	Tiene barba porque no se afeita.
the alarm clock	el despertador
I set the alarm clock for six.	Pongo el despertador a las seis.
On Saturdays I don't need an alarm clock.	Los sábados no necesito despertador.
The alarm clock is next to the bed.	El despertador está al lado de la cama.
to usually (do something)	soler
I usually get up at seven.	Suelo levantarme a las siete.
On Saturdays I usually sleep a lot.	Los sábados suelo dormir mucho.
What do you usually have for breakfast?	¿Qué sueles desayunar?
My mother usually gets up early.	Mi madre suele madrugar.
We usually have dinner at nine.	Solemos cenar a las nueve.
My children don't usually watch television.	Mis hijos no suelen ver la televisión.
to leave, to go away	irse
I'm leaving, see you tomorrow!	Me voy, ¡hasta mañana!
We're off home.	Nos vamos a casa.
My parents are going away on holiday.	Mis padres se van de vacaciones.
the toothbrush	el cepillo de dientes
I need a new toothbrush.	Necesito un cepillo de dientes nuevo.
Where is my toothbrush?	¿Dónde está mi cepillo de dientes?
The toothbrush is in the bathroom.	El cepillo de dientes está en el baño.
the toothpaste	la pasta de dientes
There is no toothpaste.	No hay pasta de dientes.
I have to buy toothpaste.	Tengo que comprar pasta de dientes.
The toothpaste is on top of the washbasin.	La pasta de dientes está encima del lavabo.
the hurry, the rush	la prisa
I'm in a hurry, I'm leaving.	Tengo prisa, me voy.
In the morning we are always in a hurry.	Por la mañana siempre tenemos prisa.
There is no hurry, the train arrives at ten.	No hay prisa, el tren llega a las diez.
to be sleepy	tener sueño
I am very sleepy.	Tengo mucho sueño.
I am always sleepy in the afternoon.	Siempre tengo sueño por la tarde.
The children are sleepy and go to bed.	Los niños tienen sueño y se acuestan.
to leave, to go away	marcharse
I am leaving, see you later!	Me marcho, ¡hasta luego!
My husband leaves for work very early.	Mi marido se marcha al trabajo muy temprano.
Are you guys leaving now?	¿Os marcháis ahora?
early (before the usual time)	pronto
On Mondays I get up very early.	Los lunes me levanto muy pronto.
It is very early to have breakfast.	Es muy pronto para desayunar.
the cologne	la colonia
My father always wears cologne.	Mi padre siempre lleva colonia.
I like your cologne. Is it expensive?	Me gusta tu colonia. ¿Es cara?

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