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Spanish (Spain)

### The building

Most people in Spain live in a **piso** (flat) inside **un edificio** (a building). A building has **la escalera** (the stairs) and often **el ascensor** (the lift).

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### Floors: **la planta**

Each floor of a building is **una planta**. The ground floor is **la planta baja**. To ask which floor someone lives on, use **¿En qué planta…?**

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### What a flat has: **tener** with no article

When you ask or say whether a place *has* something, the noun after **tener** or **hay** often goes without an article — you are talking about the kind of thing, not one particular item.

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| word | meaning |
|---|---|
| **el apartamento** | the apartment |
| **el estudio** | the studio flat (one room) |
| **el garaje** | the garage |
| **la terraza** | the terrace |
| **la calefacción** | the heating |

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My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
the building	el edificio
The building is very tall.	El edificio es muy alto.
the floor (of a building)	la planta
I live on the ground floor.	Vivo en la planta baja.
Which floor do you live on?	¿En qué planta vives?
the stairs	la escalera
Where are the stairs?	¿Dónde está la escalera?
The stairs are dirty.	La escalera está sucia.
the lift	el ascensor
There is a lift in the building.	Hay un ascensor en el edificio.
The lift is new and fast.	El ascensor es nuevo y rápido.
Does the building have a lift?	¿Tiene ascensor el edificio?
There is no lift, but there are stairs.	No hay ascensor, pero hay una escalera.
the garage	el garaje
The building has a big garage.	El edificio tiene un garaje grande.
The car is in the garage.	El coche está en el garaje.
the terrace	la terraza
We eat on the terrace.	Comemos en la terraza.
the heating	la calefacción
In the flat there is heating.	En el piso hay calefacción.
I am cold, but there is no heating.	Tengo frío, pero no hay calefacción.
the apartment	el apartamento
The apartment has a terrace.	El apartamento tiene una terraza.
I live in a small apartment.	Vivo en un apartamento pequeño.
The apartment is in the new building.	El apartamento está en el edificio nuevo.
the studio flat	el estudio
She lives in a studio flat.	Ella vive en un estudio.
The studio flat is small, but pretty.	El estudio es pequeño, pero bonito.
the air conditioning	el aire acondicionado
The apartment has air conditioning.	El apartamento tiene aire acondicionado.
There is no air conditioning in the building.	No hay aire acondicionado en el edificio.
the entrance, the way in	la entrada
The lift is at the entrance.	El ascensor está en la entrada.
The building has a big entrance.	El edificio tiene una entrada grande.

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