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Spanish (Spain)

### What someone looks like: **ser**

To describe a person's looks, use **ser** and an adjective. **Moreno** means dark-haired and **rubio** blond; **guapo** is good-looking and **feo** ugly; **gordo** is fat and **delgado** slim. Like every adjective, they agree with the person.

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| | man | woman | men | women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dark-haired | moreno | morena | morenos | morenas |
| slim | delgado | delgada | delgados | delgadas |
| cheerful | alegre | alegre | **alegres** | **alegres** |

### What someone is like

Character works the same way: **alegre** (cheerful), **serio** (serious), **tímido** (shy) and **antipático** (unfriendly) — the opposite of *simpático*. **Alegre** ends in **-e**, so it only changes for the plural.

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### What someone has: **tener**

For a beard or a moustache, Spanish uses **tener**, usually with no article: **tiene barba** (he has a beard). Add an article when you describe it.

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Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
dark-haired	moreno
The boy is dark-haired.	El chico es moreno.
blond	rubio
They are dark-haired, but she is blond.	Ellos son morenos, pero ella es rubia.
good-looking	guapo
The girl is blond and very pretty.	La niña es rubia y muy guapa.
The brother is tall and good-looking.	El hermano es alto y guapo.
ugly	feo
The dog is ugly, but it is good.	El perro es feo, pero es bueno.
The old car is very ugly.	El coche viejo es muy feo.
fat	gordo
The cat is fat.	El gato es gordo.
slim	delgado
The man is not fat, he is slim.	El hombre no es gordo, es delgado.
The girls are tall and slim.	Las chicas son altas y delgadas.
cheerful	alegre
She is cheerful and nice.	Ella es alegre y simpática.
The children are very cheerful.	Los niños son muy alegres.
serious	serio
The teacher is very serious.	El profesor es muy serio.
shy	tímido
The student is shy and serious.	El estudiante es tímido y serio.
Are you shy?	¿Eres tímida?
unfriendly	antipático
The doctor is unfriendly.	El médico es antipático.
He is not nice, he is unfriendly.	No es simpático, es antipático.
the beard	la barba
The man has a beard.	El hombre tiene barba.
He has a white beard.	Él tiene una barba blanca.
the moustache	el bigote
Do you have a beard or a moustache?	¿Tienes barba o bigote?
The blond boy has a moustache.	El chico rubio tiene bigote.
The brother has a black moustache.	El hermano tiene un bigote negro.

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