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Estás cansado porque patinaste mucho.

Estás cansado porque patinaste mucho.
You are tired because you skated a lot.
From Lesson 99:The preterite of regular -ar verbs·Spanish (Latin America)

Questions & Answers about Estás cansado porque patinaste mucho.

Why does the verb patinaste end in -aste?
It is the past tense (preterite) form for tú (informal "you"). The root verb is patinar (to skate). For regular -ar verbs in the completed past, you drop the -ar and add -aste to say "you did" something.
Why isn't the word tú (you) included in this sentence?
In Spanish, the verb endings usually tell you exactly who is doing the action. Both estás (you are) and patinaste (you skated) are specifically the tú forms, so adding the pronoun tú isn't necessary unless you want to add extra emphasis.
Why use estás instead of eres to say "you are"?
We use the verb estar (here, estás) for temporary states, physical conditions, or feelings, like being tired (cansado). We use ser (eres) for more permanent characteristics or identity.
If I am talking to a female friend, does the sentence change?
Yes! Because cansado (tired) is an adjective describing the person, it must match their gender. If you are speaking to a woman, you would say estás cansada. The rest of the sentence stays exactly the same.
Why doesn't mucho change to match cansado?
In this sentence, mucho is an adverb meaning "a lot" and it describes the verb patinaste (how much you skated). Adverbs never change gender or number. You only change mucho (to mucha or muchos) when it describes a noun.

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