Present Perfect Subjunctive
We already know that the subjunctive is used to express doubts, hopes, and emotions. When you want to express those feelings about an action that has already happened, you use the present perfect subjunctive (pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo).
It is formed by combining the present subjunctive of the helping verb haber with a past participle (like sido, tenido, or disfrutado).
| Pronoun | Present Subjunctive of Haber |
|---|---|
| yo / él / ella / usted | haya |
| tú | hayas |
| nosotros / nosotras | hayamos |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | hayan |
| I hope that you (plural) have had a good takeoff. | Espero que ustedes hayan tenido un buen despegue. |
| I keep doubting that the landing has been without turbulence. | Sigo dudando que el aterrizaje haya sido sin turbulencia. |
| It saddens us that you (plural) have had severe dizziness. | Nos entristece que ustedes hayan tenido un mareo severo. |
Reflexive Pronouns
When using reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun (such as me, te, or se) must go immediately before the conjugated form of haber. You can never insert a word between haber and the past participle.
| It relieves me that they have fastened their seatbelts during the takeoff. | Me alivia que ellos se hayan abrochado el cinturón durante el despegue. |
Impersonal "Haber"
Just as hay (there is/are) becomes ha habido (there has/have been) in the present perfect, it becomes haya habido when a sentence requires the present perfect subjunctive.
| We are glad that there has not been any mishap. | Nos alegramos de que no haya habido ningún percance. |
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