Impersonal statements (se dice que)

Spreading the word: Impersonal "se"

When you want to talk about rumors, celebrity gossip, or unconfirmed news without specifying who is talking, Spanish uses the impersonal se.

The formula is: se + [verb in 3rd person singular] + que + [noun clause].

These are equivalent to English phrases like "It is said that..." Because these statements generally declare a piece of information or state a widespread belief, the verb in the que clause usually remains in the indicative mood.

It is rumored that the singer hid the truth.
Se rumorea que el cantante ocultó la verdad.
It is speculated that the actor has a hidden romance.
Se especula que el actor tiene un romance oculto.
It is said that the romance unleashed a scandal.
Se dice que el romance desató un escándalo.

Gossip in the past tense

The impersonal verb doesn't have to be in the present tense. If you are reporting on yesterday's headlines or older scandals, simply put the impersonal reporting verb into the preterite or imperfect tense (e.g., se rumoreó, se supo, se confirmó).

Yesterday it was rumored that the politician stole the money.
Ayer se rumoreó que el político robó el dinero.
It became known that the informant was not loyal.
Se supo que el informante no era leal.
Yesterday it was confirmed that there was an infidelity in the palace.
Ayer se confirmó que hubo una infidelidad en el palacio.

When to use the subjunctive

Just like any other sentence with a que clause, impersonal statements trigger the subjunctive if the main verb expresses doubt, denial, emotion, or an expectation.

While expressions of reporting or certainty (se sabe, se afirma) take the indicative, verbs like dudar (to doubt) or esperar (to expect/hope) require the subjunctive in the following clause. Notice how this applies even when the impersonal statement is in the past tense, which triggers the past subjunctive.

It was doubted that the alleged contract was real.
Se dudaba que el supuesto contrato fuera real.
It was expected that the magazine would publish the scoop today.
Se esperaba que la revista publicara la primicia hoy.