Duration without action (llevar + sin)

Duration without action

To express how much time has passed since an action last occurred, use the present tense of llevar, followed by a time expression, sin (without), and an infinitive.

SubjectPresent of llevar
yollevo
llevas
él / ella / ustedlleva
nosotros / nosotrasllevamos
ellos / ellas / ustedesllevan

This structure usually translates to "I haven't [action] in [time]" or "I have gone [time] without [action]" in English.

I haven't peed in two hours and this restroom is very full.
Llevo dos horas sin orinar y el baño este está llenísimo.
It's just that we haven't used the toilet in an hour, what an emergency!
Es que llevamos una hora sin usar el inodoro, ¡qué urgencia!
This torture is really bad; you (plural) haven't moved forward in an hour.
La tortura esta es malísima; ustedes llevan una hora sin avanzar.

General time expressions

Your time expression doesn't have to be an exact number of minutes or hours. You can also use general phrases like mucho tiempo (a long time).

The urge is intolerable and you haven't moved forward in the line in a long time.
La urgencia es intolerable y llevas mucho tiempo sin avanzar en la fila.
My bladder hurts; I haven't used a restroom in a long time.
Me duele la vejiga; llevo mucho tiempo sin usar un baño.