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Spanish (Latin America)

To express how long it takes to complete an action, use the verb **tardar** (to take time) with this structure:

**tardar + [amount of time] + en + [infinitive]**

Conjugate *tardar* for the person and tense. The amount of time goes directly after it, followed by **en** and the unconjugated verb.

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Delay and duration (tardar en)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

expression

interjection

noun

numeral

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and 'to be' (el, la, soy)

Masculine and feminine pairs (el hermano, la hermana)

Basic sentences and negation (no)

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Formal and informal you (tú vs. usted)

Plural pronouns and the verb to be (somos, son)

Making nouns plural (-s, -es)

Plural articles (los, las, unos, unas)

Noun gender exceptions

Adjective agreement

Invariable adjectives

State and location (estar)

Ser vs. estar

There is / there are (hay)

Hay vs. estar

To have (tener)

Possession (de)

Possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su)

Regular -ar verbs

Yes/No questions

What and who (qué, quién)

Regular -er verbs

Regular -ir verbs

Asking where (dónde, adónde)

How, when, and why (cómo, cuándo, por qué)

How much and how many (cuánto)

Days of the week

Going to a place (ir a)

Preposition contractions (al, del)

In and by (en)

With me and with you (conmigo, contigo)

Prepositional pronouns (mí, ti)

Conjunctions (y, o, pero)

Giving reasons (porque)

Stem-changing verbs (e to ie)

Stem-changing verbs (o to ue)

Stem-changing verbs (e to i)

Irregular yo forms (hago, salgo)

To know (saber vs. conocer)

Weather expressions (hace, está)

Desires and plans (querer)

Ability and requests (poder)

Obligations (tener que)

Expressing likes (me gusta)

Plural likes (me gustan)

Verbs like gustar (encantar, doler)

Very vs. a lot (muy, mucho)

Numbers 0 to 15 (cero, uno, dos…)

Numbers 16 to 31 (dieciséis, veinte…)

Numbers 30 to 1000 (treinta, cien, mil)

Months of the year (enero, febrero, marzo)

Seasons and dates (el dos de mayo)

Telling time (es la..., son las...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero, segundo, tercero)

Reflexive pronouns and verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

The present continuous (estar + -ando, -iendo)

Near demonstrative adjectives (este, esta, estos, estas)

Medium demonstrative adjectives (ese, esa, esos, esas)

Comparatives of inequality (más / menos ... que)

Comparatives of equality (tan ... como)

Indefinite and negative pronouns (algo, nada, alguien, nadie)

Affirmative commands

Far demonstratives (aquel, aquella)

Possessive pronouns (el mío, el tuyo)

Shortened indefinite adjectives (algún, ningún)

Adverbs of quantity (demasiado, bastante)

Adverbs of frequency (a menudo, a veces)

Adverb formation (-mente)

Exclamations (¡Qué...!)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Relative superlatives (el más... de)

Adjective intensification (-ísimo)

Indirect object pronouns

Pronoun placement with infinitives

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

The 'se lo' rule (se lo, se la)

Impersonal statements (se)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Personal obligation (deber)

Starting actions (empezar a)

Finishing and quitting actions (terminar de, dejar de)

Repeating actions (volver a)

Continuing actions (seguir + gerundio)

Question	Answer
fluent	fluido
How many years did it take you to speak fluent Spanish?	¿Cuántos años tardaste en hablar español fluido?
to assimilate	asimilar
the grammar	la gramática
I was there for a month to assimilate the grammar.	Estuve allí un mes para asimilar la gramática.
the vocabulary	el vocabulario
You need to read so that you assimilate the vocabulary.	Necesitas leer para que asimiles el vocabulario.
to master	dominar
the pronunciation	la pronunciación
They took a lot of time to master the pronunciation.	Ellos tardaron mucho tiempo en dominar la pronunciación.
the dialect	el dialecto
We took two months to understand the dialect.	Tardamos dos meses en comprender el dialecto.
the accent	el acento
native	nativo
How long did she take to achieve a native accent?	¿Cuánto tardó ella en lograr un acento nativo?
I did not have time to improve my accent.	No tuve tiempo para mejorar mi acento.
I study a lot so that my Spanish is fluent.	Estudio mucho para que mi español sea fluido.
You all take little time to learn the dialect.	Ustedes tardan poco tiempo en aprender el dialecto.
He took a year to memorize the vocabulary.	Él tardó un año en memorizar el vocabulario.
I took a trip to improve my pronunciation.	Hice un viaje para mejorar mi pronunciación.
You speak this dialect like a native person.	Hablas este dialecto como una persona nativa.
How much time do they take to improve their accent?	¿Cuánto tiempo tardan en mejorar su acento?
the fluency	la fluidez
When I lived in Mexico, I spoke with a lot of fluency.	Cuando vivía en México, hablaba con mucha fluidez.
The student takes a lot of time to master the grammar and achieve fluency.	El estudiante tarda mucho tiempo en dominar la gramática y lograr la fluidez.
to last	durar
The class lasts one hour.	La clase dura una hora.
The trip lasted three days.	El viaje duró tres días.
to take time, to delay (LatAm; = tardar)	demorar
The bus takes twenty minutes.	El autobús se demora veinte minutos.
Don't take long; dinner is ready.	No te demores; la cena está lista.
on time	a tiempo
I never arrive on time.	Nunca llego a tiempo.
The train left on time.	El tren salió a tiempo.