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Questions & Answers about Ученик читает учебник.
Ученик and учебник look and sound very similar. Are they related?
Yes! They both share the root уч-, which is all about learning, teaching, and studying. Ученик is the person doing the learning (the pupil), and учебник is the tool used for learning (the textbook).
Since учебник is the object being read, shouldn't it be in the accusative case? Why didn't the ending change?
It is actually in the accusative case! In Russian, masculine nouns that are inanimate (non-living things like a book) have the exact same form in the accusative case as they do in the nominative (dictionary) form. That is why учебник does not change its ending here.
Why does the verb end in -ет (читает)?
The dictionary form of the verb is читать (to read). Because the subject ученик is a 'he', we need the third-person singular form of the verb. For regular verbs ending in -ать, you remove the -ть and add -ет, which gives us читает.
How do we know it translates to 'the pupil' and 'the textbook' if there are no words for 'the' in the Russian sentence?
Russian does not use articles like 'a' or 'the'. You have to figure out if it means 'a' or 'the' based on the context of the conversation. Without more context, 'A pupil reads a textbook' is also a perfectly correct translation.