Breakdown of Кот сидит на высоком стуле в современной спальне.
кот
cat
стул
chair
в
in / to (direction)
на
on, at / by (transport) / to (a place) / to (in answer to)
современный
modern
спальня
bedroom
сидеть
to sit
высокий
tall / high (of a level or amount)
Questions & Answers about Кот сидит на высоком стуле в современной спальне.
Why does the adjective for "tall" change to высоком here?
Because the chair (стул) is the location where the cat is sitting, putting it in the Prepositional case (на стуле). For masculine nouns like стул, adjectives in the Prepositional case take the ending -ом (or sometimes -ем). So, the dictionary form высокий becomes высоком.
What about современной? How did the adjective for "modern" change?
This adjective describes спальня (bedroom), which is a feminine noun. Because the bedroom is also a location ("in the bedroom"), it is in the Prepositional case (в спальне). Feminine adjectives in the Prepositional case take the ending -ой (or -ей). Therefore, the dictionary form современная changes to современной.
Why do both стуле and спальне end in -е if one is masculine and one is feminine?
In the Prepositional case, most masculine nouns ending in a consonant (like стул) add an -е. Most feminine nouns ending in -а or -я (like спальня) drop their last letter and also take an -е. So they both happen to end up with the exact same -е ending here!
Why do we use на for the chair but в for the bedroom?
In Russian, на is generally used for being on top of a surface, while в is used for being inside an enclosed space. The cat is on the surface of the chair (на стуле) but inside the enclosed space of the bedroom (в спальне).
There is no word for "is" in this sentence. How do we know it means "is sitting"?
Russian doesn't use "am/is/are" with a verb to show continuous action like English does. The single present-tense verb сидит can mean both "sits" and "is sitting". The context of the sentence tells us it is an action happening right now.
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