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### Stating Absence with "нет"

To say that someone or something is absent, or that you do not have something, use **нет**. The missing person, object, or concept takes the **Genitive case**.

### Missing Pronouns

To say "he," "she," or "it" is missing, use the Genitive forms of the third-person pronouns:
- **он** (he) and **оно** (it) become **его** (Note: the **г** is pronounced like an English "v")
- **она** (she) becomes **её**

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### Missing Nouns

Nouns also take Genitive endings after **нет**:
- **Masculine & Neuter**: Take **-а** or **-я** (**сахар** → **сахара**, **мясо** → **мяса**).
- **Feminine**: Take **-ы** or **-и** (**соль** → **соли**, **рыба** → **рыбы**).

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Pronouns replacing missing objects must match the noun's grammatical gender. Since **рыба** (fish) is feminine, it becomes **её**.

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**Телефон** (phone) is masculine, so it becomes **его**.

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### Abstract Concepts

The same rules apply to abstract concepts like light, answers, or mood.

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Genitive of negation (нет)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative (это)

Noun gender

Soft-sign nouns (-ь)

Subject pronouns (я, ты, он...)

Yes/no questions (да / нет)

Basic interrogatives (кто / что)

Basic negation (не)

Coordinating conjunctions (и / а)

Possessive pronouns (мой, твой, наш, ваш)

Demonstrative pronouns (этот, эта, это)

Adjective agreement

Which and whose (какой, чей)

First conjugation verbs, singular (-ать)

First conjugation verbs, plural (-ать)

Second conjugation verbs (-ить)

Irregular present tense verbs

Adverbs of manner (как, очень)

Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Prepositional case modifiers (-ом, -ой)

Topics of speech (о, об)

Direct objects (-у, -ю)

Direct object pronouns (меня, тебя)

Verbs of motion (идти, ехать)

Destination (куда, в, на)

Plural nouns (-ы, -и, -а, -я)

Irregular plural nouns (друзья, дети)

Plural adjectives and pronouns (-ые, -ие)

Numbers 1 to 10 (один, два, три)

Possession with pronouns (у меня есть)

Possession with nouns (-а, -я, -ы, -и)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Quantities with mass nouns (сколько, много, мало)

Animate direct objects

The past tense of to be (был, была, было, были)

Regular past tense verbs

Time sequence expressions (вчера, завтра, раньше, потом)

Verb aspect in the past tense

Dative personal pronouns (мне, тебе, ему)

Expressing likes (нравится, нравятся)

Absence (нет)

Expressing age (год, года, лет)

Indirect objects (-у, -ю, -е)

Modal verbs (хотеть, мочь)

Reason and contrast (поэтому, но)

Double negation (ничего, никогда)

Reflexive verbs (-ся, -сь)

Polite requests and instructions (-ите, -йте)

Days of the week (в + Accusative)

Compound future tense (буду...)

Simple future tense

Accompaniment (с)

Multidirectional verbs of motion (ходить, ездить)

Greetings and goodbyes (здравствуйте, привет)

Thank you and sorry (спасибо, извините)

Countries and languages (русский, английский)

Meeting people (меня зовут, как дела)

Public transport (трамвай, остановка)

Left, right and the compass (слева, справа)

Places in the city (цирк, зоопарк)

Fruit and vegetables (помидор, огурец)

Post and travel (открытка, чемодан)

Family and relatives (внук, родственник)

Jobs and professions (инженер, продавец)

Sport and games (футбол, теннис)

Describing people (умный, сильный)

Health and the body (болен, здоровье)

The months of the year (январь, февраль)

Accusative feminine and inanimate adjectives (-ую, -юю)

Accusative animate masculine adjectives (-ого, -его)

Short-form adjectives (готов, занят)

Personal obligation (должен, должна)

Professions in the instrumental case

Genitive singular adjectives and possessives

Prepositions of absence and purpose (без, для)

Dative singular adjectives and possessives

Impersonal states (мне холодно)

Impersonal obligation (надо, нужно)

Impersonal permission (можно / нельзя)

Instrumental adjectives and pronouns

Reciprocal verbs (с + Instrumental)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (свой)

Reflexive pronouns (себя)

Specific indefinite pronouns (-то)

Non-specific indefinite pronouns (-нибудь)

Negative pronouns (никто / ничто)

Numbers 11 to 20

Tens to 100

Question	Answer
there is no / is not present	нет
Where is Ivan? He is not here.	Где Иван? Его здесь нет.
sugar	сахар
salt	соль
Do you have sugar and salt?	У тебя есть сахар и соль?
No, there is no sugar, and there is no salt either.	Нет, сахара нет, и соли тоже нет.
meat	мясо
fish	рыба
We do not have meat or fish.	У нас нет мяса и рыбы.
Where is the fish? It is not in the kitchen.	Где рыба? Её нет на кухне.
light	свет
internet	интернет
There is no light and no internet here.	Здесь нет света и интернета.
Where is the phone? It is not here either.	Где телефон? Его тоже нет.
Why is there no light in the office?	Почему в офисе нет света?
answer	ответ
Anna has a question, but there is no answer.	У Анны есть вопрос, а ответа нет.
Where is the car? It is not at home.	Где машина? Её нет дома.
information	информация
The computer is working, but there is no information.	Компьютер работает, а информации нет.
Where is the photograph? It is not in the magazine.	Где фотография? Её нет в журнале.
choice	выбор
We have no choice and no plan.	У нас нет выбора и нет плана.
Ivan has no ticket and no passport.	У Ивана нет билета и нет паспорта.
mood	настроение
I am in no mood to read.	У меня нет настроения читать.
Ivan has no meat, and Anna has no mood.	У Ивана нет мяса, а у Анны нет настроения.
Where is the information? It is not here, because there is no internet.	Где информация? Её здесь нет, потому что нет интернета.
Where is the answer? It is not here, and the student has no choice.	Где ответ? Его здесь нет, и у студента нет выбора.