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### Saying "There is no..." with Нет

The word **нет** means "no," but it is also used to mean "there is no..." or to state that something is absent. The missing person or thing takes the **Genitive case**.

To form the Genitive singular:
- **Masculine:** Add **-а** (or **-я** if ending in a soft sign or й). Example: **компьютер** → **компьютера**.
- **Feminine:** Change **-а** to **-ы** (or **-и** after letters like г, к, х). Nouns ending in a soft sign take **-и**. Examples: **бумага** → **бумаги**, **связь** → **связи**.
- **Neuter:** Change **-о** to **-а**, and **-е** to **-я**.

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### Contrasting Presence and Absence

When contrasting what *is* there with what *isn't*, the present item stays in the Nominative case, while the missing item takes the Genitive.

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### People Can Be Absent Too

This applies to absent people, too. The missing person takes the Genitive case (**секретарь** → **секретаря**).

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### Not Having Something

"I have a passport" is **У меня есть паспорт** (literally: "By me there is a passport"). To say you *don't* have something, replace **есть** with **нет** and put the missing item in the Genitive. 

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### Connecting Sentences with "Что"

To connect ideas like "I know *that*..." or "He thinks *that*...", use the conjunction **что** (pronounced "што"). Always place a comma immediately before **что**.

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Absence (нет)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative (это)

Noun gender

Soft-sign nouns (-ь)

Subject pronouns (я, ты, он...)

Yes/no questions (да / нет)

Basic interrogatives (кто / что)

Basic negation (не)

Coordinating conjunctions (и / а)

Possessive pronouns (мой, твой, наш, ваш)

Demonstrative pronouns (этот, эта, это)

Adjective agreement

Which and whose (какой, чей)

First conjugation verbs, singular (-ать)

First conjugation verbs, plural (-ать)

Second conjugation verbs (-ить)

Irregular present tense verbs

Adverbs of manner (как, очень)

Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Prepositional case modifiers (-ом, -ой)

Topics of speech (о, об)

Direct objects (-у, -ю)

Direct object pronouns (меня, тебя)

Verbs of motion (идти, ехать)

Destination (куда, в, на)

Plural nouns (-ы, -и, -а, -я)

Irregular plural nouns (друзья, дети)

Plural adjectives and pronouns (-ые, -ие)

Numbers 1 to 10 (один, два, три)

Possession with pronouns (у меня есть)

Possession with nouns (-а, -я, -ы, -и)

Genitive of negation (нет)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Quantities with mass nouns (сколько, много, мало)

Animate direct objects

The past tense of to be (был, была, было, были)

Regular past tense verbs

Time sequence expressions (вчера, завтра, раньше, потом)

Verb aspect in the past tense

Dative personal pronouns (мне, тебе, ему)

Expressing likes (нравится, нравятся)

Expressing age (год, года, лет)

Indirect objects (-у, -ю, -е)

Modal verbs (хотеть, мочь)

Reason and contrast (поэтому, но)

Double negation (ничего, никогда)

Reflexive verbs (-ся, -сь)

Polite requests and instructions (-ите, -йте)

Days of the week (в + Accusative)

Compound future tense (буду...)

Simple future tense

Accompaniment (с)

Multidirectional verbs of motion (ходить, ездить)

Greetings and goodbyes (здравствуйте, привет)

Thank you and sorry (спасибо, извините)

Countries and languages (русский, английский)

Meeting people (меня зовут, как дела)

Public transport (трамвай, остановка)

Left, right and the compass (слева, справа)

Places in the city (цирк, зоопарк)

Fruit and vegetables (помидор, огурец)

Post and travel (открытка, чемодан)

Family and relatives (внук, родственник)

Jobs and professions (инженер, продавец)

Sport and games (футбол, теннис)

Describing people (умный, сильный)

Health and the body (болен, здоровье)

The months of the year (январь, февраль)

Accusative feminine and inanimate adjectives (-ую, -юю)

Accusative animate masculine adjectives (-ого, -его)

Short-form adjectives (готов, занят)

Personal obligation (должен, должна)

Professions in the instrumental case

Genitive singular adjectives and possessives

Prepositions of absence and purpose (без, для)

Dative singular adjectives and possessives

Impersonal states (мне холодно)

Impersonal obligation (надо, нужно)

Impersonal permission (можно / нельзя)

Instrumental adjectives and pronouns

Reciprocal verbs (с + Instrumental)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (свой)

Reflexive pronouns (себя)

Specific indefinite pronouns (-то)

Non-specific indefinite pronouns (-нибудь)

Negative pronouns (никто / ничто)

Numbers 11 to 20

Tens to 100

Question	Answer
There is no computer on the table.	На столе нет компьютера.
printer	принтер
paper	бумага
There is no printer and no paper here.	Здесь нет принтера и бумаги.
connection	связь
The telephone is here, but there is no connection.	Телефон здесь, а связи нет.
contract / treaty	договор
We have the text, but there is no contract.	У нас есть текст, а договора нет.
screen	экран
password	пароль
I see the screen, but I have no password.	Я вижу экран, а у меня нет пароля.
cabinet / wardrobe	шкаф
There is no wardrobe in the bedroom.	В спальне нет шкафа.
There is a computer on the table, but no printer.	На столе есть компьютер, а принтера нет.
secretary	секретарь
Where is the secretary? The secretary is not here today.	Где секретарь? Секретаря сегодня нет.
The student has no passport.	У студента нет паспорта.
There is a bad connection in the village and no internet.	В деревне плохая связь и нет интернета.
Do you have paper? No, there is no paper.	У вас есть бумага? Нет, бумаги нет.
that (conjunction)	что
Why do you think that there is no contract?	Почему вы думаете, что договора нет?
boss	начальник
We know that the boss is not in the office.	Мы знаем, что начальника нет в офисе.
The boss asks whose password this is.	Начальник спрашивает, чей это пароль.
There is a table there, but no chair.	Там есть стол, а стула нет.
document	документ
The secretary does not have a document.	У секретаря нет документа.
There is no cabinet and no screen in the classroom.	В классе нет шкафа и экрана.
The director also does not have a document.	У директора тоже нет документа.