Learn Romanian: Îl vezi pe șofer? - Do you see the driver?

You're right, pe often means "on". But here it has a special job: when the object of a sentence is a specific person (like the driver), Romanian puts pe right before them. It doesn't translate to an English word, but it acts like a spotlight pointing to the person receiving the action.

Why does the sentence start with Îl (him) if we already mention the driver?

This is a very common Romanian pattern! When you use pe for a specific person, you also have to add a short matching pronoun earlier in the sentence. Îl means "him". So, literally translated, this sentence is constructed like: "Him you see on driver?"

The translation says "the driver", but șofer doesn't have the -ul ending. Where did "the" go?

Normally, "the driver" is șoferul. However, there is a special spelling rule: when a masculine singular word like șofer comes immediately after the personal marker pe, it drops the -ul ending. Even though it looks like the word for "a driver", the "the" is still understood here!

How do we know this is a question if there is no word for "Do"?

Romanian doesn't use helper words like "do" or "does" to make questions. The verb vezi just means "you see". To ask "Do you see?", you simply use the exact same words as a statement, but raise your pitch at the end.